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Marie Antoinette was beheaded because she was Queen of France during the unfortunate period of the French Revolution. The French people regarded the ancien regime, the system of monarchy and aristocracy that had been in place in France for hundreds of yeras, as evil and responsible for all the hardships that they had been forced to face over the years, which was largely true. The French monarchy was self-indulgent and spent vast amounts of money (i.e. the Palace of Versailles). People regard Queen Marie Antoinette as the embodyment of all that was wrong with the government, with her ridiculous expensive fashions and extravagance. In the Revolution, and above all in the Reign of Terror that encompassed the time during which Marie was beheaded, all the aristocrats, characterized as "enemies of the republic" were sent to the guillotine. Marie was the very height of the monarchy, so she was destined to die. Her life may have been spared if her brother Joseph II of Austria or her mother Maria Theresa were still alive and they could have sent her help, but they were not and so she went to the guillotine.

Or:

Because she suffered from a fatal birth defect. She was born an Austrian and that alone was adequate to demand her death during the French Revolution.

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