agriculture: The Rise of Commercial Agriculture As the Middle Ages waned, increasing communications, the commercial revolution, and the rise of cities in Western Europe tended to turn agriculture away from subsistence farming toward the growing of crops for sale outside the community (commercial agriculture). In Britain the practice of inclosure allowed landlords to set aside plots of land, formerly subject to common rights, for intensive cropping or fenced pasturage, leading to efficient production of single crops. In the 16th and 17th cent. horticulture was greatly developed and contributed to the so-called agricultural revolution.
One economic revolution of the Middle Ages was the rise of banking, which resulted in large part from the destruction of the Knights Templar.
The Commercial Revolution occurred during the late Middle Ages and into the early modern period due to several factors, including the rise of trade routes, advancements in navigation, and the expansion of European markets. The increasing demand for goods, coupled with the establishment of colonial empires, facilitated the growth of a merchant class and the development of banking systems. Additionally, innovations such as joint-stock companies and improved financial instruments promoted investment and risk-sharing, further stimulating commerce. Together, these elements transformed economies from localized agrarian systems to more interconnected and complex trade networks.
Feudalism, characterized by the exchange of land for military service and loyalty, created a largely agrarian economy that limited trade and commerce. However, as population growth and urbanization occurred during the late Middle Ages, the demand for goods and services increased, leading to the decline of feudal structures. This shift facilitated the rise of a market economy, paving the way for the Commercial Revolution, which emphasized trade, the establishment of merchant classes, and the development of banking and financial systems. Ultimately, the transition from feudalism to a more commerce-driven society marked a significant turning point in European economic history.
The manor economy, like the economy of the middle ages as a whole, is based on agriculture. Farming, herding, orchards, and textile production was the basis of most wealth.
The inventions of the Middle Ages, such as the mechanical clock, the windmill, and the printing press, laid the groundwork for significant advancements in technology, agriculture, and communication. For instance, the printing press revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge, enabling the spread of literacy and ideas that fueled the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. Additionally, innovations in agricultural techniques, like the three-field system, improved food production and population growth. Without these medieval inventions, the trajectory of modern society, including education, technology, and cultural exchange, might have been drastically different.
Likely started in the Middle East then spread outward.
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great increase in commerce in Europe that began in the late middle age.
The European middle class was more powerful after the Commercial Revolution than it was under feudalism.
The European middle class was more powerful after the Commercial Revolution than it was under feudalism.
The Neolithic Revolution began generally in the Middle East around 10,000 BCE as humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settled communities. Specifically, the earliest evidence of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals has been found in the Fertile Crescent region, which includes modern-day Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
The Commercial Revolution generated a new desire for trade and new sources of wealth they started looking for new trade routes
The economy of the Middle Colonies was not characterized by plantation agriculture. The Southern Colonies had an economy based on plantation agriculture.
The main idea of the Commercial Revolution was the significant growth in European commerce, trade, and economic activity during the late Middle Ages and early modern period. It brought about changes such as the expansion of global trade networks, the rise of capitalism, and the development of banking systems.
Most of the water in the Middle East is used for drinking, residential commodities, and agriculture.
Most of the water in the Middle East is used for agriculture. However, this is not unique to the Middle East; across the world, the largest consumer of water is agriculture.
In the Middle Ages, most economic systems were dominated by agriculture, and most people worked on farms or manorial estates.