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Why did sedentary civilizations progressively dominate nomadic societies after the fifteenth century?

- The Black Death had a much greater impact on nomadic societies than sedentary ones. - Sedentary states, especially those in Europe, became centralized and devoted more resources to military advancements used to fight off nomads. Some advancements include: • Improved metalworking techniques • More powerful gunpowder and firearms • Increased military discipline - Russians, the Ottoman Empire of the Mediterranean, and the Qing Dynasty of China moved into the heartlands of nomadic peoples and settled it with their growing peasant populations. - This settling brought nomads under sedentary control and re-purposed the pastures used for grazing as agricultural land. - After the Industrial Revolution occurred, railroads and repeating rifles allowed for the destruction of virtually all remaining nomadic societies. Source(s): Pearson World Civilizations, AP* Edition


Why did civilizations grow more slowly in Europe than in fertile crescent?

The truth of the underlying assumption, that religion grew more slowly in Europe than the Fertile Crescent, depends entirely on what a person considers to be a religion. If a religion is simply the belief in supernatural powers having partial or complete control of the natural world, Europeans were just as religious as people in the Fertile Crescent during the Ancient Period. If a religion requires an established priesthood, clear divinities, and a network of temples, than this brings religion back into the realm of civilizations. Since civilizations sprung up earlier and lasted longer in the Fertile Crescent than they did in Europe, religion grew more quickly in the Fertile Crescent than in Europe. However, when civilization came to Europe (like the Greek and Roman Empires) their religions spread very well too.


Where were the Christians trying to gain control of during the crusades?

In the first crusade they fought over and through Jerusalem. After capturing it from the Muslims, the crusaders established some counties and other minor areas.


Did the christians ever gain permanent control of Jerusalem?

Yes, Christians gained permanent control of Jerusalem during the Crusades, particularly after the First Crusade in 1099, when they captured the city and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This Christian rule lasted until 1187, when Saladin recaptured the city. Although there were subsequent periods of Christian control, such as during the brief reconquest by European powers in the late 13th century, Jerusalem has not been under permanent Christian control since Saladin's victory.


Where did poor farmers work in Rome?

Poor Roman farmers worked on small plots of land in the countryside of Rome and Italy and in various places around the Roman Empire. During the Rome's expansion into Italy, Rome established many colonies (settlement) to gain control over the lands they gained control of. Many Roman farmers went there to set up small farms. Colonies were also established outside Italy when Rome expanded beyond this peninsula. When the Roman army became professional, many colonies were founded to settle retired soldiers who were given a plot of land to farm on discharge. They were dotted around the empire.