It depends on the poem. Works prior to 1923 (which includes A Heap o' Livin' among others) would be in the public domain, but later materials may require permission.
yes
No, all books that are published are copyrighted, you will need the permission of the publisher to do this.
Depends who you are writing about! If it's my Mum, then yes! You will need f*****g permission!!
It depends what the book is, how much you need to copy, and what you're copying it for.
Yes, you generally need permission to write about someone in a book, especially if it involves revealing personal or private information about them. Failure to obtain permission could lead to legal issues such as defamation or invasion of privacy.
If the book is still protected by copyright, yes, you would need permission to create a derivative work. You will want to agree beforehand as to where the rights in the translation will lie.
yes you need their permission because they might feel offended if it is a bit too different to their game. Weird huh?
A photograph of a statue would be considered a derivative work; if the statue is protected by copyright, you would need permission from the rightsholder to create the derivative work.
It depends on the extent of the quotation and what it's used for.
Because you need to read the book.
I need permission to copy when I'm at school.
No, you do not need the father's permission to get a passport.