Yes. When the Outer Space Treaty was originally opened for signing, it was opened in the USA, the UK and the Soviet Union. Naturally, the USA would have been one of the first to sign and ratify the Treaty.
As of January 2008, 99 countries were states-parties to the treaty, meaning they had signed and ratified the Treaty, while another 26 had signed the treaty but not completed formal ratification.
No-one owns the space in outer space. One of the terms of the Outer Space Treaty prohibits all government from claiming any space territory, including territory on the moons, planets and other celestial bodies. The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the USA, the UK and the Soviet Union on 27 January 1967, coming into force on 10 October 1967. As of January 2008, 98 countries were states-parties to the treaty, while another 26 have signed the treaty although they had not completed ratification at that stage.
It's possible, though it's (probably... see below) prohibited by both the Outer Space Treaty and the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963. All countries known to possess nuclear weapons capability, with the exception of North Korea, have ratified at least one of these (North Korea has signed, but not ratified, the Outer Space Treaty).Whether or not a non-weapon nuclear explosion (for example: using a nuclear device as a sort of improved dynamite for, say, mining purposes) would violate the Outer Space Treaty is an interesting legal question, since the treaty expressly refers to nuclear weapons and goes on to say that the use of any equipment or facility necessary for peaceful exploration shall not be prohibited. This could potentially eventually become important.
The Outer Space Treaty is a formal international agreement designed to protect outer space as a resource, to allow peaceful exploration of space for the benefit of all countries and mankind, and to protect the people of earth from the consequences of mismanagement of outer space. As of January 2008, it had been signed and ratified by 99 countries, and another 26 were still awaiting formal ratification.Brought into effect in 1967, the full name of the treaty is Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.Because outer space is an untapped resource, there were fears that some countries would seek to exploit these resources for their own benefit, and to the detriment of other countries. As a result, the treaty stipulates that none of the participating states may claim territory in space or on any of the celestial bodies, nor use space (and the celestial bodies) as a place to store or launch weapons of mass destruction. Any countries exploring space are also required to be liable for their space junk.For more information, see the website at the related link below. It is very readable, and explains the policies in greater detail.
The Outer Space Treaty is an international agreement, currently ratified by 99 countries, with another 26 awaiting ratification, which specifies certain terms and conditions dealing with the exploration of space and how it is used.Two of the terms state the following:States shall be liable for damage caused by their space objects; andStates shall avoid harmful contamination of space and celestial bodiesIn essence, it does not address the problem of space junk, but it does force countries to consider that they could be liable for massive damage bills if their space junk causes problems for exploration parties, or if it affects Earth in any way.For more information on the Outer Space Treaty, see the related website.
The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 forbids the militarisation of space.
That is called the Partial Test Ban Treaty. It was signed in 1963 and banned the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater.
On August 5, 1963, representatives of the United States, Soviet Union and Great Britain signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in outer space, underwater or in the atmosphere.
The US had signed several nuclear treaties throughout much of the Cold War. These include the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty, the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I ABM treaty, the 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I Interim Agreement, the 1979 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II, the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the 1993 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II, and the 1996 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
The Partial Test Ban Treaty, signed in 1963, prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere, underwater, and in space. This treaty was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom.
On August 5, 1963, representatives of the United States, Soviet Union and Great Britain signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in outer space, underwater or in the atmosphere.
On 5 August 1963, the United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union signed and adopted the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The parties agreed not conduct tests on nuclear weapons. They would not carry out nuclear explosions in the outer space, atmosphere or under water.