Each state and healthplan has their own specific rules related to special election periods. You should check with the Department of Insurance for your State. In general, if you were covered under your employers plan and were laid off, you should have the right to continue paying for your plan with your current employer for a period of time unless they went out of business entirely. You should also be eligible to be added to your spouse's plan as a special enrollment period, due to your loss of coverage. You may need to provide a notice of 'Creditable Coverage' indicating the beginning and ending period of your coverage.
If you were laid off from your employer, but you were not insured by them to begin with, then you would only be able to enroll with your spouse's employer during their Annual Open Enrollment period.
yes they can
Not in the United States or Canada, unless the employer also refuses insurance coverage to opposite-sex spouses.
They can if the spouse has insurance offered at their place of employment.
It is normal to have responsibility for it. The insurance often also required the spouse to accept responsibility and the primary insurance holder is always required to do so.
The employer does not have to pay for the spouse's coverage. It can be offered to the employee and the cost taken from his/her paycheck to cover the spouse. There is no legal requirement for the employer to offer coverage for spouses -- even at the employee's expense. However, it would be very unusual for a plan to cover only employees and not have coverage available for spouses and children.
Assuming the employer offers coverage to spouses, then the employer would not have the right to turn a spouse away. The spouse's loss of coverage is a "qualifying event" and the employer's insurer would allow the spouse to join.
You would have to sign a waiver on your insurance stating that you have prior coverage. Your application that your employer gives you should have that on it. The above answer assumes that you have the right to opt out. Here in CA if your employer pays 100% of the premium you can not opt out even if you are eligible for other group coverage. Often the employer will tell you that they pay 100% (and they actually do) but the plan documents will say that they only pay 99%. This would then allow you to decline coverage.
They can choose not to provide coverage for a spouse. US law states employers have to provide insurance for employee's children under the age of 26, but does not say anything about spouses, so they can choose to stop covering employee's spouses.
You will have a choice between your employer's plan and your spouse's plan. Your employer may ask you for proof that you are covered by your spouse's plan. Your employer's plan will want this, in order to ensure that people are not dropping out for other reasons (such as they can't afford to join).
If you mean can they buy insurance jointly or insure each other, then the answer is "yes" in states where same-sex marriage is legal. If you mean to ask if an employer will give health, dental, optical insurance benefits to the same-sex spouse, then the answer is this: In states where same-sex marriage is legal, if an employer gives any benefit to the spouses of its workers, then it cannot legally deny that benefit to the spouse of one of its workers merely because his marriage is a same-sex marriage. So the answer is yes. If they extend insurance coverage to spouses, then they must do so to ALL spouses.
If both you and your spouse have full medical coverage then the insurance compnay will revert back to your and your spouse's date of birth. Whoever's birthdate is first in a calendar year, then that is the primary insurance. For example, if your birthday is November 1, but your spouse's birthday is February 12, then your spouses insurance is primary for both of you.
If you have insurance through your employer, and you are the policy holder,(the insurance is in your name) this insurance will be primary for you, and your spouses insurance policy will be secondary. The insurance policy thru your spouse's employer, (your spouse is the policy holder, or the insurance is in their name), this would be primary for your spouse, and your policy would be their secondary. Here's the phamplet from Medicare http://www.medicare.gov/Publications/Pubs/pdf/02179.pdf