The court case that reviewed the policy of affirmative action is Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). In this landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action admissions policy, affirming that the use of race as one of many factors in admissions decisions serves a compelling interest in achieving a diverse student body. The Court ruled that such policies are constitutional as long as they are narrowly tailored and do not employ a quota system. This case reinforced the idea that diversity is beneficial in educational settings.
supreme court jsut a guess
In the 1987 Supreme Court case Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, a key factor in upholding the affirmative action policy was the recognition of the need to address historical discrimination and its lingering effects on employment opportunities for women and minorities. The Court acknowledged that such policies were essential for promoting diversity and achieving equality in the workplace, thereby justifying the use of affirmative action as a means to rectify systemic inequities. This ruling highlighted the importance of fostering an inclusive environment and ensuring fair representation within organizations.
Democratic views on affirmative action vary, but most Democrats support it as a means to promote equality and diversity. They believe that affirmative action is necessary to address historical disadvantages faced by marginalized groups, and it helps to create a more inclusive and equitable society. Democrats generally argue that affirmative action policies should be implemented to ensure equal opportunities in education, employment, and other areas.
University of California v. Bakke
Affirmative action, otherwise known as "reverse-discrimination", is a policy that effectively discriminates against certain groups for the benefit of other groups. The intent of such a policy is to "even the playing field." The actual result, however, is that less qualified individuals unfairly gain access to employment, education, groups, etc at the expense of more qualified individuals. But this does not even begin to address the true underpinnings of discrimination. The result of affirmative action, or discrimination, is that those in the "target" groups that affirmative action is supposed to help might obtain credentials that are then questioned (fairly or unfairly) but others who wonder if their success was a product of talent and hard-work or of government-sponsorsored discrimination - ie affirmative action. So, the result is that affirmative action actually LEADS to stereotyping, the underpinning of discrimination. Affirmative Action should absolutely be eliminated. Fairness is not unilateral - the only way to address problems of discrimination is by even-ing the playing field for all. Education and free markets are the solution.
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
Should treat everyone equally.
The impact of affirmative action policies on the country is typically evaluated through a combination of legislative decisions, judicial rulings, public opinion, and empirical research. Ultimately, the effects are influenced by how these different stakeholders interpret and implement affirmative action measures in various contexts.
On April 15, 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a significant case regarding the use of racial preferences in college admissions. In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Court upheld the affirmative action policy of the University of Michigan Law School, confirming that race could be considered as one factor in admissions to promote diversity. This decision was pivotal in shaping discussions around affirmative action and educational equality in the United States.
In Bakke v Regents of the University of California, Alan Bakke, who had applied to the University and been rejected, sued the Regents claiming that his civil rights as a white had been denied by the University's policy of affirmative action for non--white applicants. Affirmative action, he argued, violated the Civil RIghts Act of 1964, which forbids racial discrimination by the federal government or any program (such as a state university) that receives federal funding. The Supreme Court held that affirmative action was constitutionally allowed so long as race was only one of several factors taken into account by admissions officers, but that strict quotas that could apply regardless of qualifications violated the law.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Are you sure captain? "affirmative" , said the captain.