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It means "relating to an aspect of religion." So for example in the US Constitution when it says "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion"It is saying congress can make no law regarding religion. That is, it can't promote one religion over the other, or create a religion, or pass a law forcing people to follow a religion, or to not follow a religion, or forcing people to pray, etc.

It's also often called the "establishment cause" or the "seperation of church and state."

The US was the first country to do this, at the time in many countries people were forced to go to church under penalty of law, and worship the government's official religion or be punished (sometimes by death).

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