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Actually, it all began with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, before there was an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The Civil Rights Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, governmental services and education. And it contained one section, called Title VII, which prohibited employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion and national origin. But it was not until July 1965 when the EEOC was created, and it began its work in 1966.

One of its first tasks was to define exactly what constituted discrimination; in the early years of the EEOC, it did not have strong enforcement powers, but it did put some guidelines into place in 1968-69 that were enforced more strongly later. One of the rulings it issued was that newspapers could not list jobs as "male only" or "female only" and employers could not arbitrarily exclude women from consideration just because of their gender.

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