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john Locke. We are given rights from nature or God (Natural law), rather than from an the arbitrary power of the omnipotent state. We can see this in the US Declaration of Independence:

"....all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

Frédéric Bastiat, also a believer in Natural Rights, explained what the law is:

"The law is the organization of the natural right of lawful defense. It is the substitution of a common force for individual forces. And this common force is to do only what the individual forces have a natural and lawful right to do: to protect persons, liberties, and properties; to maintain the right of each, and to cause justice to reign over us all."

"Each of us has a natural right - from God - to defend his person, his liberty, and his property."

Bastiat was after Locke and the US Founding Fathers, but his answer is better than any other.

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