If international law lacks the enforcement mechanism of domestic law why is it generally obeyed?

Answer 1

Much of international law is enforced through international tribunals such as the ICJ, ICTR, ICTY and the WTO, as well as through arbitration procedures in bilateral and multilateral treaties. International arbitration awards are enforceable, for signatories to the "New York Convention" and similar agreements, in the domestic courts of the country where the liable party holds assets. In countries like those of the European Union, obedience to international law by domestic courts may be enforceable by law.

Where countries are signatories to international treaties without codified enforcement procedures, diplomatic pressures often play a dominant role in enforcement. Developing countries looking for foreign investment have an added incentive to abide by their international commitments, as they look to present themselves as stable jurisdictions for international trade.

Answer 2

States generally adhere to international law because of a shared belief in its legitimacy and the benefits of a rules-based international system. Compliance can also be driven by reputational concerns, the desire to maintain good relations with other states, and the potential consequences of non-compliance such as economic sanctions or loss of credibility on the global stage. Additionally, structures like international organizations or treaties can provide mechanisms for monitoring and enforcing compliance.