The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) actively fought against discrimination by using the court system to challenge unjust laws and practices, most notably through landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education which led to the desegregation of schools in the United States.
One group that did not have to pay taxes and had their own court system were the clergy in medieval Europe. They were exempt from paying certain taxes and were subject to ecclesiastical courts, which were separate from secular courts.
Discrimination has been going on for thousands of years, and will probably continue. Some groups become less a target of discrimination in certain time periods, and others become more often targets. these days in the U. S. of A., Blacks are still victims of discrimination, but less so than 50 or 100 years ago. On the other hand, Arabs (a racial group, often but not always Muslim) and Muslims (a religions group, often but not always Arab) have seen increasing discrimination since a narrow subset of Muslim Arabs attacked on 9/11/2001. But there was also a time when the Irish were victims. There is no way to predict who will be the "bad guys" 50 years in the future. The best we can do is probably try to get people to be reasonable today and how some of it carries over to tomorrow.
An example of direct institutional discrimination would be a school denying admission to students of a certain race, religion, or gender, even though they meet all the academic requirements. This type of discrimination is enforced through policies or practices within the institution itself.
In the 1930s, the jury system in the United States was similar to the system in place today. Juries were composed of a group of ordinary citizens who were tasked with listening to evidence presented in court and reaching a verdict based on that evidence. The right to a trial by jury was a fundamental part of the American justice system during this time.
A non-litigant group or individual can typically file an amicus curiae ("friend of the court") brief to provide additional insights or perspectives on the case to help inform the court's decision-making process. This brief allows them to present their arguments or relevant information for consideration by the court, even though they are not a party to the case.
Discrimination in any form is discrimination. Individual discrimination is discrimination of one person against a group. Institutional discrimination would be a institution totally and wholly discriminating against a group or sect.
Group Against Racial Discrimination - Fiji - was created in 1990.
Discrimination faced by one identity group is the same as discrimination faced by another because it is often based on the same thing --- intolerance.
An arbitrator
Collective discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of all members of a group. This in turns influences the behavior towards group members.
Prejudice: Hatred towards a race, group, or religion Discrimination: Unfair treatment of a race, group, or religion
A positive discrimination towards a group in society will result in a negative discrimination towards an other group in society. For example; positive discrimination towards women will result on a negative discrimination on men. Implying such a system will go against equality of citizenship. Putting women on boards of power because of the nature of their gender and to compensate for past exploitation, will be unfair towards men who worked as hard, or maybe harder, to achieve the same position.
using the court system
indirect discrimination is caused when you are wanted from a particular group or even religion
It was attacked in 1993 By a group called Black November.
Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group without good justification.
reverse discrimination or positive discrimination