The term that defines the dog's salivation in response to the ringing of the bell in Pavlov's experiment is "conditioned response." In this context, salivation becomes a learned response to the previously neutral stimulus (the bell) after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus (food). Initially, the dog salivates naturally to the food, but through conditioning, the bell alone elicits the salivation.
unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
The bell ringing is called a conditioned stimulus, while the meat powder is an unconditioned stimulus. The process by which the dogs learned to salivate in response to the bell alone is known as classical conditioning.
Pavlov's experiment was about classical conditioning.Can you train a dog to react to a stimulus such as a bell... even on a fundamental level, such as evoking salivation and the expectation of food even without the presence of food.B.F. Skinner took the experiments in classical conditioning further.
Probably because it was the first kind of conditioning to be demonstrated and studied. See Pavlov As eluded to above, classical conditioning is called such because it was the first kind of conditioning to be studied and demonstrated. However, the term "classical" also is used to differentiate this type of conditioning from "Operant Conditioning" which was first demonstrated by B.F. Skinner.
Neutral stimulus
Pavlov's dogs, he taught the principal of classical conditioning. Take a look at the diagram below for an example. Dog Piece of meat leads to salivation bell rings no response Bell rings lead to salivation
John B. Watson is often credited with demonstrating conditioning on a human infant in his famous "Little Albert" experiment. By pairing a loud noise with a white rat, Watson conditioned fear in the infant, providing evidence for classical conditioning in humans.
Salivation is a natural response to the presence of food (unconditioned stimulus) and is not typically considered a conditioned stimulus. However, in a classical conditioning context, salivation can become a conditioned response if it is consistently paired with a neutral stimulus (like a bell) that initially elicits no salivation, but comes to do so after repeated pairings with the food.
Yes, John Watson studied salivation in dogs to examine the concept of habituation. In his famous experiment, Watson conditioned a fear response in a young boy known as "Little Albert" using a similar method to Pavlov's classical conditioning with dogs, to study the formation and extinction of phobias.
In classical conditioning, goals are not specifically learned, but rather associations between stimuli are formed. Through classical conditioning, individuals learn to associate a neutral stimulus (like a bell) with a meaningful stimulus (like food), which can lead to a learned response (like salivation). This type of learning can influence behavior and emotional responses.
In a nutshell, everytime Pavlov's dogs were fed, a bell rang. Over time, the dogs came to associate the sound of the bell with food. Eventually, the dogs would begin to salivate at the ringing of the bell, regardless of whether or not food followed. That is conditioning - a trained, involuntary response to a specific stimuli.