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Transferring the human FOXP2 gene into a nonhuman primate raises significant ethical and scientific concerns. While FOXP2 is linked to language and communication, the implications of such a modification could lead to unintended consequences in behavior and cognition. Furthermore, ethical considerations regarding animal welfare, consent, and the potential for creating hybrids with altered capacities must be thoroughly evaluated before proceeding with such experiments. Overall, it necessitates careful consideration of both the scientific rationale and ethical implications.
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What would happen if the human FOXP2 gene is placed in a nonhuman primate?
If the human FOXP2 gene were inserted into a nonhuman primate, it could potentially affect the development of neural circuits related to language and communication, reflecting the gene's role in speech and language abilities in humans. This genetic modification might lead to changes in vocalization patterns or social behaviors, as FOXP2 is associated with the fine motor control of the larynx and other aspects of communication. However, the exact outcomes would depend on the specific primate species, the method of gene insertion, and other genetic and environmental factors. Studies in this area could provide insights into the evolutionary basis of language and cognitive abilities in humans.
What does the FOXP2 gene in mammals tell us about evolutionary relationships?
That those organisms that posses this gene have the same common ancestor that they all branched from and developed from.
What is bengali language gene number?
This answer will be available with Language Research by Microbiology Genesystem . FOXP2 is a Gene of Language. Please ask the Specialist in Gene research to find the Gene Number of Bengai language.
Why do girls talk more than boys?
Girls talk more than boys due to a certain protein in their brain. The protein is Foxp2 and girls have more of it than boys. This protein is associated with talking.
Why cant monkeys talk?
You can teach chimps to communicate using sign-language, but monkeys in general can speak like us no more then we can sing like birds. The larynx of monkeys is not as derived as ours which prevents them from producing the same variety of sounds as we do. Their soft palate, hyoid bone, and tongue flexibility also inhibits them. There are genetic and cognitive factors as well: try researching literature on the FOXP2 gene.
Did humans actually develop human language?
Yes, humans did develop language. Spoken language most likely has its origin in primate hand gestures. Chimps, for example, communicate more through visual and tactile cues like facial expressions, hand and body gestures, and bodily contact than they do with vocalizations. The area of the brain that controls hand gestures also controls the tongue. Young autistic children who cannot speak have gained the ability after learning American Sign Language. People born with a mutated version of FOXP2, the gene in the brain associated with speech, have problems talking because they do not have proper control of their tongues and mouth muscles. This gene is believed to have come about 50,000 years ago, which would have allowed humans to finally talk. For a more detailed description, see here (How_did_language_evolve). See also the book Next of Kin (1997) by Roger Fouts.The very first human language was most likely a click language akin to that spoken by the !Kung San of Africa (! = click). This is because the language is so unlike anything else spoke in the world, which points to its antiquity. Also, the !Kung people have the oldest genetic strain of human DNA in the world. Anyways, humans are believed to have started leaving Africa around the same time that the FOXP2 gene appeared. Evidence shows a small group left east central Africa to Saudi Arabia. As they grew and groups split off, humans spread into India, East Asia, South East Asia, and Australia. A group split from that in India and spread into Central Asia, the rest of the Middle East, and finally Europe. The original language that these people brought with them changed drastically over thousands of years. Many of today's languages, including English, German, Dutch, Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, etc., are descended from a mother language known as Proto-Indo-European. It is thought to have developed in what would become Turkey around 10,000 years ago. For a broad overview of early human migration and language, see Before the Dawn (2006) by Nicholas Wade. A good recent paper on the Proto-Indo-European language is:Russell D. Gray and Quentin D. Atkinson, "Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin," Nature 426 (27 November 2003) 435-439
Did neanderthals have written language?
A1. This is unknown, but it is believed that they could speak.Answ2. A couple of lines of evidence suggest they had speech.1) their evolutionary ancestors in the Chimp family have speech.2) Broca's region in the brain is on the left temple towards the front. This has produced a slight swelling in that region, and which has caused a small difference in the shape of the interior of the skull. Broca's region is certainly associated with speech.
How did language evolve?
What a question, a large question! There is no, good, short answer. But one would presume that as humans moved north over thousands of years dialects would evolve and change. This can be seen in the similarities between Latin based languages for example. However, not all languages really evolved from the one source, so obviously not all languages have such striking similarities. But if you come to the realisation that all languages are merely 'signs' pointing 'things' then they are all the same, but that is the realm of semiotics. If your interested in modern language's inaccuracies look into Korzybski's E-Prime.Second answerI'm going to assume that the asker wants to know about the biological evolution of language. There are two main schools: vocal and gestural. The vocal school posits that human language evolved from the grunts and hoots of our early ape-like ancestors. For instance, the evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar theorizes that as their numbers dramatically increased, our animal ancestors had to find new ways of cementing community bounds over long distances. Therefore, Dubar thinks speaking evolved to replace grooming--the glue of ape society (see Evolutionary Psychology: Beginner's Guide, 2005). The problem with this school is that it cannot account for syntax, or proper grammar like, say, the SVO (subject-verb-object) order of English.The gestural school posits that human language evolved from the hand gestures of our early ancestors. This is because Chimps, our closest genetic cousins, mostly communicate through visual and tactile cues like facial expressions, hand and body gestures, and bodily contact. Chimps who have been taught American Sign Language progress at the same rate as human children learning sign language or spoken language. Most importantly, they do not make grammatical mistakes. This is because syntax is built into such gestural movements. In his book Next of Kin (1997), Roger Fouts writes:"But experts in sign language, who assume a gestural origin for language, can explain the emergence of syntax in a much simpler, more commonsense way. You can test it yourself right now by following this suggestion of David Armstrong, William Stokoe, and Sherman Wilcox from their book, Gesture and the Nature of Language:'If you will, swing your right hand across in front of your body and catch the upraised forefinger of your left hand.'By enacting this gesture, say the authors, you have just illustrated the most primitive form of syntax. 'The dominant hand is the agent (it acts), its swinging grasp is the action (verb), and the stationary finger is the patient or object. The grammarians' symbolic notion for this is familiar: SVO [subject-verb-object].'It is easy to imagine our earliest ancestors using this gesture to communicate [using the hand signs], HAWK CAUGHT GOPHER. And they might have modified this sentence with adjectives (two fingers for two gophers) and adverbs (raised eyebrows for expressing disbelief: HAWK SOMEHOW CAUGHT GOPHER). These variations on a relationship are the beginnings of language as we know it" (p. 194).But how can hand movements lead to oral speaking? Well, the area of the brain that controls detailed movements of the hands also controls the detailed movements of the tongue. Fouts, who is a Prof. of Psychology, taught American Sign Language to a pair of autistic boys who could not speak or even interact in normal social situations with members of their families. The amazing thing is that these boys gained the ability to speak within a few weeks of learning to sign. Nicholas Wade mentions in his book Before the Dawn (2006) that people with a mutated version of FOXP2, the brain gene associated with speech, have great trouble in talking because they do not have proper control of their mouth and tongue muscles. FOXP2 is located close to the gene responsible for autism; therefore, learning to control their hands through sign language helped the autistic boys gain control over their tongues, allowing them to speak.Researchers have suggested that the FOXP2 gene evolved around 50,000 years ago because human cultural exploded after this point, probably due to language. Vocal language is far more effective in transmitting ideas than hand gestures. This suggests that humans used gestural communication for thousands of years before the gene switched on. It is important to note that a 2012 paper entitled "Monkey lipsmacking develops like the human speech rhythm" points out that the coordination of the jaw, tongue, and hyoid used in primate lip-smacking is comparable to that used for human speech. No sound is produced during lip-smacking because their vocal cords are in the wrong position. Human vocal cords are lower in our throats. Our vocal cord and tongue anatomy had to change before we could produce the sounds that we do today. In conclusion, the road to human speech involved hand gestures, lip-smacking, the dropping of the vocal cords, and the evolution of a brain gene to better control the tongue and mouth muscles.
When did language arise in human evolution?
Estimates range from 50,000 to 200,000 years ago, but the beginnings go back millions of years. It is important to give some background. There are two schools of thought regarding the subject: vocal and gestural. The vocal school posits that human language evolved from the grunts and hoots of our early ape-like ancestors. For instance, the evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar theorizes that as their numbers dramatically increased, our animal ancestors had to find new ways of cementing community bounds over long distances. Therefore, Dubar thinks speaking evolved to replace grooming--the glue of ape society (see Evolutionary Psychology: Beginner's Guide, 2005). The problem with this school is that it cannot account for syntax, or proper grammar like, say, the SVO (subject-verb-object) order of English.The gestural school posits that human language evolved from the hand gestures of our early ancestors. This is because Chimps, our closest genetic cousins, mostly communicate through visual and tactile cues like facial expressions, hand and body gestures, and bodily contact. Chimps who have been taught American Sign Language progress at the same rate as human children learning sign language or spoken language. Most importantly, they do not make grammatical mistakes. This is because syntax is built into such gestural movements. In his book Next of Kin (1997), Roger Fouts writes:"But experts in sign language, who assume a gestural origin for language, can explain the emergence of syntax in a much simpler, more commonsense way. You can test it yourself right now by following this suggestion of David Armstrong, William Stokoe, and Sherman Wilcox from their book, Gesture and the Nature of Language:'If you will, swing your right hand across in front of your body and catch the upraised forefinger of your left hand.'By enacting this gesture, say the authors, you have just illustrated the most primitive form of syntax. 'The dominant hand is the agent (it acts), its swinging grasp is the action (verb), and the stationary finger is the patient or object. The grammarians' symbolic notion for this is familiar: SVO [subject-verb-object].'It is easy to imagine our earliest ancestors using this gesture to communicate [using the hand signs], HAWK CAUGHT GOPHER. And they might have modified this sentence with adjectives (two fingers for two gophers) and adverbs (raised eyebrows for expressing disbelief: HAWK SOMEHOW CAUGHT GOPHER). These variations on a relationship are the beginnings of language as we know it" (p. 194).But how can hand movements lead to oral speaking? Well, the area of the brain that controls detailed movements of the hands also controls the detailed movements of the tongue. Fouts, who is a Prof. of Psychology, taught American Sign Language to a pair of autistic boys who could not speak or even interact in normal social situations with members of their families. The amazing thing is that these boys gained the ability to speak within a few weeks of learning to sign. Nicholas Wade mentions in his book Before the Dawn (2006) that people with a mutated version of FOXP2, the brain gene associated with speech, have great trouble in talking because they do not have proper control of their mouth and tongue muscles. FOXP2 is located close to the gene responsible for autism; therefore, learning to control their hands through sign language helped the autistic boys gain control over their tongues, allowing them to speak.Researchers have suggested that the FOXP2 gene evolved around 50,000 years ago because human cultural exploded after this point, probably due to language. Vocal language is far more effective in transmitting ideas than hand gestures. This suggests that humans used gestural communication for thousands of years before the gene switched on. It is important to note that a 2012 paper entitled "Monkey lipsmacking develops like the human speech rhythm" points out that the coordination of the jaw, tongue, and hyoid used in primate lip-smacking is comparable to that used for human speech. No sound is produced during lip-smacking because their vocal cords are in the wrong position. Human vocal cords are lower in our throats. Our vocal cord and tongue anatomy had to change before we could produce the sounds that we do today. In conclusion, the road to human speech involved hand gestures, lip-smacking, the dropping of the vocal cords, and the evolution of a brain gene to better control the tongue and mouth muscles.
What were the first human languages?
The current linguistic theory identifies the first human language as Proto-World, or Proto-Human, and may have been spokean as far back as 200,000 years ago.Second answerThe very first human language was most likely gestural in nature. This is because chimps, our closest genetic cousins, communicate more through visual and tactile cues like facial expressions, hand and body gestures, and bodily contact than they do with vocalizations. The area of the brain that controls hand gestures also controls the tongue. Young autistic children who cannot speak have gained the ability after learning American Sign Language. People born with a mutated version of FOXP2, the gene in the brain associated with speech, have problems talking because they do not have proper control of their tongues and mouth muscles. This gene is believed to have come about 50,000 years ago, which would have allowed humans to finally talk. For a more detailed description, see here (How did language evolve). See also the book Next of Kin (1997) by Roger Fouts.The very first spoken human language was most likely a click language akin to that spoken by the !Kung San of Africa (! = click). This is because the language is so unlike anything else spoke in the world, which points to its antiquity. Also, the !Kung people have the oldest genetic strain of human DNA in the world. For more, see the book Before the Dawn (2006) by Roger Fouts.
What is the first language used by the first humans?
Biblical perspectiveOld Arabic by Adam and Eve (The first human beings in the world, the first parents of humanity)Scientific perspectiveThe very first human language was most likely gestural in nature. This is because chimps, our closest genetic cousins, communicate more through visual and tactile cues like facial expressions, hand and body gestures, and bodily contact than they do with vocalizations. The area of the brain that controls hand gestures also controls the tongue. Young autistic children who cannot speak have gained the ability after learning American Sign Language. People born with a mutated version of FOXP2, the gene in the brain associated with speech, have problems talking because they do not have proper control of their tongues and mouth muscles. This gene is believed to have come about 50,000 years ago, which would have allowed humans to finally talk. For a more detailed description, see here (How_did_language_evolve). See also the book Next of Kin (1997) by Roger Fouts.The very first spoken human language was most likely a click language akin to that spoken by the !Kung San of Africa (! = click). This is because the language is so unlike anything else spoke in the world, which points to its antiquity. Also, the !Kung people have the oldest genetic strain of human DNA in the world. For more, see the book Before the Dawn (2006) by Nicholas Wade.
What is the human first language?
The current linguistic theory identifies the first human language as Proto-World, or Proto-Human, and may have been spokean as far back as 200,000 years ago.Second answerThe very first human language was most likely gestural in nature. This is because chimps, our closest genetic cousins, communicate more through visual and tactile cues like facial expressions, hand and body gestures, and bodily contact than they do with vocalizations. The area of the brain that controls hand gestures also controls the tongue. Young autistic children who cannot speak have gained the ability after learning American Sign Language. People born with a mutated version of FOXP2, the gene in the brain associated with speech, have problems talking because they do not have proper control of their tongues and mouth muscles. This gene is believed to have come about 50,000 years ago, which would have allowed humans to finally talk. For a more detailed description, see here (How_did_language_evolve). See also the book Next of Kin (1997) by Roger Fouts.The very first spoken human language was most likely a click language akin to that spoken by the !Kung San of Africa (! = click). This is because the language is so unlike anything else spoke in the world, which points to its antiquity. Also, the !Kung people have the oldest genetic strain of human DNA in the world. For more, see the book Before the Dawn (2006) by Nicholas Wade.
