You can certainly use any "metric" graduated cylinder or such and convert to gallons.
The problem is that few scientific instruments are made in gallons, and most household items aren't celebrated.
Probably the best thing would be a pyrex measuring pitcher.
Another thing you could do is to take a gallon milk jug, or a bucket. Tare it on a scale. Then measure out an amount of water equal to 8 pounds and mark it.
You now have a custom gallon measuring jug.
A balance.
depends on what item you are measuring
A ruler or tape measure.
Tape measure and centimetre.
its meterstick
meter
You would use a thermometer to measure air temperature.
You would use the metric unit of meters to measure the height of a gallon of milk.
A balance.
depends on what item you are measuring
A cloth tape measure.
well the tool would use a triple beam balance because it has more mass.
I would use the odometer on my car. If that does not help I would use a map and a ruler and measure it to scale.
A scale or a balance would be used to measure weight in pounds.
A tape measure would be the tool, measuring in centimetres or inches.
Liters.
For the volume you can use a graduated container.