There are 6 vectors used to describe the strain field of an element. An equivalent strain is just a single numerical value used to represent the strain field.
Wherever there is stress there is strain. In the example you noted, if heated bar expands freely without one end constained it changes its strain without stress; that strain is called eigenstrain. If the same bar is held rigidly then the eigenstrain resisted and you get stress and strain. So stress cannot exist without strain; but strain can exist without stress if it is eigenstrain.
strain is percent elongation/100; for example a strain of 0.02 is 2% elongation. Often we refer to elongation at failure; for example if a material fails at 10% elongation its strain is 0.10
stress is load per unit area; when an object is loaded it is under stress and strain and it stretches (strains) until it breaks at its ultimate strength. Stress i srelated to strain in the elastic region by Hooke's law: stress = elastic modulus times strain where modulus is a property of the material and strain is deflection over length
Strain energy is a form of potential energy. Work done to distort an elastic member is stored as strain energy. Some energy may be lost in plastic deformation of the member and some may be converted into heat instead of stored as strain energy, but the rest is recoverable. A spring is an example of a storage device for strain energy.
The effector strain of bacteria is that the bacteria would colonize on the teeth and help prevent the child from developing cavities.
transformation is the process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
DNA
C. the mice died because rough strain bacteria had been transformed to the smooth strain
conjugation or transduction or translation are the three process by which bacteria can change from one form to other
The disease-causing strain of bacteria grew into smooth colonies on culture plates, whereas the harmless strain produced with rough edges.
Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
Because It's very dangerous
transformation
Nobody knows
Its referring to a specific strain of bacteria.
Measles is an infection of the respiratory tract that can be caused by both a bacteria and a virus. Most people think of the virus strain typically, as there is a vaccine for it, and people rarely need to be treated with antibiotics for the bacteria strain.