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We knew from Hook's law- "stress is proportional to strain."

So, stress = k * strain [here, k is a constant]

or, stress/strain= k

Now,

if the stress and strain occurs due to axial force

then k is known as modulus of elasticity and it is denoted by E.

if the stress and strain occurs due to shear force

then k is known as modulus of rigidity and it is denoted by G.

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