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Italy, sort of. Italy was never technically part of the Central Powers but did switch sides.

When the war started in August 1914, Italy was in a defensive alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany. Since Austria-Hungary was technically the first country to declare war, Italy said that the defensive alliance was not triggered and said that they did not have to become involved in the new war.

A side factor is that Italy and Austria-Hungary had been fierce enemies for most of the 1800s, and Austria-Hungary still ruled some land that Italy believed was rightfully Italian. So Italy only really agreed to the alliance in order to protect themselves in the event of a war- around 1881, there was a small chance of Italy and France going to war, a war that Italy would have had a hard time winning alone.

So anyway, in late April 1915, the Allies made an offer to Italy- if Italy joined their side, and then the Allies won the war, then Italy would be given the Italian lands that Austria still controlled. Italy agreed to the offer. They officially canceled the old alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany, and joined the war as part of the Allies.

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Q: What central power switched sides in 1915?
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