During the battle of the Atlantic the primary goal of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) and the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) was to disrupt and block the build-up of equipment and supplies for the allies. This in turn would inhibit the preparations being made by the British Isles to invade occupied Europe.
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Germany's goal during the Battle of Britain was to degrade its air defenses and to demoralize the population. It actually served as a rallying point for the nation.
Czechoslovakia was given to Germany to pacify Adolph Hitler. The leaders of France and Britain were trying to avoid another European war.
Poland. Germany had previously agreed in the Munich Agreement that if they were allowed to annex Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia they would not invade anywhere else. The Agreement was signed by Germany, Italy, Britain and France. Italy was allied with Germany so Britain and France declared war when Hitler invaded Poland in direct violation of the agreement.
They were trying to turn Mexico against America.
Britain & France were trying to Appease Hitler. The truth was, hindsight 20/20, is that they should have invaded when Hitler marched into the Rhineland, 1935, I think. What has to be remembered is that the 'Great War' was still fresh in the memory of the people at this time, 20 years before, and obviously a repitition of this was, it was thought for obvious reasons, worth trying to avoid at all costs. I am not trying to say appeasement was right, not at all, but I am trying to say that the reasons for it were well intentioned. But then the road to hell is paved.... as they say.
America trying to gain independence from Great Britain.