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It wasn't that kind of campaign.

Grant's troops on the West bank of the river had to run the well-placed Confederate batteries in order to get downstream to the only point where they could safely cross.

In that sense, the Confederates attacked first.

Grant then ordered a cavalry raid through the whole state of Mississippi, which managed to distract the garrison commander, and enabled Grant

to cross into the interior of the state, from where he could force a battle.

He defeated the enemy twice, driving them back into their lines at Vicksburg. After several costly attacks, Grant settled down to a siege, digging fifteen miles of trenches ('rifle-pits').

Vicksburg surrrendered on July 3rd - a victory announced with joy on the glorious Fourth.

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