the president does not. only congress does. anything that is not declared by congress is technically a "dispute"
Outside the UN in the Africa region wars are constantely happening between the different factions and sometimes even the government where applicable eg. Somalia. In ww2 there the Nazis occupied France Belgium and so on many joined the resistance to wage war on their occupiers using mainly gorilla warfare tactics. So in reality the answer could be any one with their own army.
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The germans
He wanted control and power over people. He got it. But he still wasn't satisfied.
It is a country which has the power to make war yet chooses to remain neutral; taking no side in the conflict. Holland was a neutral power in World War 1. Belgium began the war as a neutral power but joined the Allies after its neutrality was violated by Germany.
later in the war
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia at the start of World War I.