Because the South had no manufacturing industry, so it needed foreign imports. But it also had no Navy to combat the Union blockade.
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North to blockade ports south to engage enemy on its on land i.e. Washington . The North was successful. The South was only able to make it to Gettysburg, PA
Most records cite the fall of Wilmington, North Carolina on February 22, 1865. This was the last blockade running port of the South.
To prevent the South exporting its cotton in exchange for war supplies. It was the North's effort to stop any foreign aid to the South.
The North used a strategy called the "Anaconda Plan". The plan was to set up a naval blockade along the eastern coast. The goal was to to block imports to the South and to strangle the South's economy. Hence, the name anaconda.
D. Blockade Runners!