All Heroic Age Antarctic explorers, including Sir Douglas Mawson, sailed to Antarctica on hull-reinforced ships.
Douglas Mawson, the Australian Antarctic explorer, primarily used sledges pulled by dogs for transportation during his expeditions in the early 20th century. He also utilized a specially designed motor vehicle known as the "Antarctic tractor," which was an early form of a tracked vehicle intended to traverse the icy terrain. These vehicles were crucial for moving supplies and scientific equipment in the harsh Antarctic conditions.
compass, radio,
Mawson Station is a permanent base in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). It is named after the explorer, Douglas Mawson. Mawson is the oldest continuously inhabited Antarctic station below the Antarctic Circle. It is located at in Mac Robertson Land. The site was chosen in 1954 by Dr. Philip Law, first director of the AAD, because there is a large natural harbour, named Horseshoe Harbour, and there is permanent exposed rock for building. Mawson Station is the only station to use wind generators for over 70% of its power needs, saving over 600,000 litres of diesel fuel per year. It is the oldest of Australias three permanent Antarctic bases.
The SY Aurora, (SY = Steam Yacht).
Airplanes, boats
Douglas Mawson's 1911-1914 expedition took place in Antarctica. They set off from Australia and had several base camps, including the main one at Cape Denison in Commonwealth Bay. The expedition covered various regions of East Antarctica, including the Adelie Coast and the George V Land.
boats and dog sleds
Sir Douglas Mawson's explorations of Antarctica took place between about 1907 and about 1913. The technology available then included deer-skin sleeping bags, Burberry canvas anoraks, heavy woolen sweaters, hats and socks and animal-skin boots stuffed with grass to expand the distance between feet and ice. Communication technology included pen and paper.
The grey paper Australian One Hundred Dollar note featuring Sir Douglas Mawson were progressively withdrawn from circulation in 1996 after the introduction of the new polymer notes. Although no longer in use, the old notes are still legal tender and can be deposited into a bank account. Shop keepers and businesses may be reluctant to accept them.
Bedouins use camels for their transport
No animals live on the Antarctic continent. Some animals, such as penguins, come to the Antarctic beaches to breed.
The ship bought by Sir Douglas Mawson for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition was a steam yacht called the SY Aurora. The Aurora was built in Glasgow in 1876, and was intended for use as a whaling ship in the North Sea. From 1876 to 1910,she was involved in the North Sea whaling trade. In 1910, Mawson bought her from the Dundee Whaling and Seal Fishing Company for use as his expedition ship. She was refitted for this purpose, and sailed for Antarctica in December 1911, arriving at her destination of Commonwealth Bay on 7 January 1912. After unloading her crew and equipment, Aurora returned to Hobart, Australia, to avoid being crushed by sea ice. She returned to Commonwealth Bay twice more, in December 1912 and December 1913 to pick up members of the expedition.After returning to Australia, Aurora was sold by Mawson to Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton in 1914, for use by the Ross Sea Party of his Imperial Transantarctic Expedition, which aimed to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent from coast to coast. The Ross Sea Party had the important job of laying depots for Shackleton's party. However, she was in poor condition, and the Ross Sea Party was delayed in leaving for Antarctica because she needed a costly refit. The Master of the Aurora, Joseph Stenhouse, decided to follow what he thought were Shackleton's orders and let the ship be frozen in by the sea ice over Winte, mooring her at Ross Island. However, in May 1915 she broke her moorings and was carried out to sea, leaving the Ross Sea Party stranded. Thanks to Stenhouse's excellent navigation, Auroramanaged to break free of the ice and return to New Zealand, despite having no coal to fuel her engines and only a broken rudder to steer with. After arriving in New Zealand, she was refitted for another voyage to rescue the Ross Sea Party, which she did in January 1917.