Yes, in three wars over 150 years. They lost all three.
Over control of the Western Mediterranean.
The Carthaginians were sea traders and had a fleet of warships to protect it. The Romans were extending their empire by land. The two were allies for a period - a convenient way of combining complimentary strengths.
The Western Mediterranean.
They did not rebel against the Romans because they were not subject to the Romans, just rivals. They invaded Italy in 218 BCE.
It interupted their vision of controlling the Western Mediterranean themselves.
For dominance of the Western Mediterranean.
The Carthaginians.
Mainly Sicily and at sea.
Romans and Carthaginians.
The Romans were forced to fight only a few times. One example was when Italy was invaded by Hannibal, the Carthaginians general, in the Second Punic War.
Carthaginians and Romans
The Romans and the Carthaginians.
Carthage did not believe in, or perform, child sacrifices. That was a rumor created by the Romans so they would have an excuse to fight the Carthaginians and conquer them.
Everybody! :) They were at war with about all their neigbors all the time. They fought the German tribes, the British tribes, the French tribes, the Northern Greeks, Romanian and Hungarian sorts, the people of the Russian steppe, the Iranians, the Iraqis, the Turks... you get the idea. There were all sorts of barbaric tribes that Rome fought. They were less advanced technologically and, for the most part, easily beaten. Historically, the Romans had real trouble with the Huns, the Goths, the Carthaginians, and the Parthians. Everybody else was just a nuisance to be beaten to plant another Roman flag on the ground. I hope I helped.
Over control of the Western Mediterranean.
Mediterranean Sea.
First Punic War.