How did physical geography of ancient Egypt shape the development of its civilization?

Answer 1

A lot of people would say it's mainly the Nile River which is true but it's not all about the crops. It was also a significant trade route for the Egyptians, and also shaped their religious beliefs. Unlike Sumer with the Tiris and Euphrates, when the Nile flooded the Egyptians were able to prepare for it and they saw it as a blessing because it didn't destroy everything. Hence, they had very positive beliefs about the afterlife, because they thought the gods favored them, while the Sumerians had dark and negative beliefs because they thought the opposite.
Egypt's geography played a major part in its history. Since Egypt is mostly desert, most people cannot establish a permanent city right in the middle of a desert. Cities tend to spring up mostly where there is water. If you look at a political map of Egypt, you will see that most of its cities are along the Nile, the most prominent river in Egypt. Such cities include Cairo (capital city), Alexandria (along the Mediterranean Sea), Aswan, and many others.
ancient Egypt was near the Nile River and the Nile river flooded yearly so the flood had brought rich soil for the crops to grow in Egypt.