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How much higher is the sun at noon compared to midnight at latitude 80 degrees north - on days where the sun never sets?
DiamondXmas
First, we need the "transit altitude" of the celestial equator, at 80 degrees north.
That's 90 - 80 degrees = 10 degrees.
At noon (local apparent noon) the Sun's altitude will be:
10 degrees + the Sun's declination.
That's the altitude of the Sun's "upper culmination".
At "midnight" (the Sun's "lower culmination") the Sun's altitude will be:
the Sun's declination - 10 degrees.
So, the difference in altitude is 20 degrees.
The Sun is 20 degrees higher at noon.
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