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I think it is best to ay that Charlemagne did not develop feudalism.

Feudalism means different things to different people, and there is no good, broadly accepted definition of the word. But to see how Charlemagne fit into the scheme of feudalism, we could look at two different ideas of what it is.

One of these equates feudalism with manorialism. This is a system in which unfree serfs, bound to the soil, work manors that are possession of lords who derive their authority from a monarch or higher lord and their income from the manor. This system originated when Constantine I decreed that the coloni who worked on villas were not permitted to leave those villas.

Another definition of feudalism is a system in which a weak central government is supported by a series of feudal vows, such as the commendation, with authority spread through the system to the lowest level. This is a system that is ideally suited to an environment in which critical problems, such as Viking raids, develop locally and disappear too fast for a national military to respond. This system originated soon after the death of Charlemagne, and existed in France, the Holy Roman Empire, and very briefly in England, along with other places.

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