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Ref: Website of Hershey Energy Systems Triplen Harmonics - The triplen harmonics, in alternating current power systems, are defined as the odd multiples of the 3rd harmonic (ex. 3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st etc.). Triplen harmonics are of particular concern because they are zero sequence harmonics, unlike the fundamental, which is positive sequence. The consequence of this fact is that the magnitude of these currents on the 3 phases are additive in the neutral. Edited the original to add: ", in alternating current power systems, "

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Q: What are triplen currents?
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What is triplen harmonics?

The triplen harmonics are defined as the odd multiples of the 3rd harmonic (ex. 3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st etc.). Triplen harmonics are of particular concern because they are zero sequence harmonics, unlike the fundamental, which is positive sequence. The consequence of this fact is that the magnitude of these currents on the 3 phases are additive in the neutral. This can lead to very large currents circulating in the neutral, and unless the neutral is sufficiently oversized this can present a fire hazard. These currents can also circulate in the transformer causing significant overheating there too. Single-phase power supplies for equipment such as electronic ballasts and PCs are the most significant source of Triplen harmonics


What is the term harmonic when refering to a three phase transformer?

A problem arises in 3-phase systems when the loads draw harmonic currents. This can happen with a load like a TV set which contains rectifiers to produce a dc supply for its electronic circuits. The load current waveform is not a perfect sine wave and it can be analysed in the frequency domain as the sum of a fundamental current at 50 Hz (in Europe) and harmonics at 100, 150, 200, 250 Hz etc. This is done by Fourier analysis. The triplen harmonics are the odd-multiples of 3, in other words the 3rd, 9th, 15th etc. and cause problems in 3-phase systems. In a balanced 3-phase 4-wire system there is zero current in the neutral wire, but when there are triplen harmonics in the load current, there is current in the neutral even when the currents are balanced (i.e. equal in all three phases), because the triplen currents add while the fundamental-frequency currents cancel out in the neutral. Unnecessary currents cause additional losses in the power transmission network and therefore transmission engineers try to minimise them.


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