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Canada was the first country to be created by legislation, but there have been two political entities called "Canada."

The first was the pre-Confederation British colony called the Province of Canada. It was formed by the UK Act of Union on February 10, 1841, which united the colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. The Province of Canada continued until July 1, 1867.

Canada was established as a nation by the UK British North America Act [now the Constitution Act], on July 1, 1867. Section 3 of the BNA Act stated that "the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick shall form and be One Dominion under the Name of Canada." Sections 5 and 6 of the BNA Act then divided the Province of Canada into the Province of Ontario and the Province of Québec, and established their borders as being the same as the former colonies of Upper and Lower Canada.

Note: Some people are confused whether the word "dominion" formed part of Canada's name. It did not. The confusion arises still today because of the capitalization of the word "dominion" in the BNA Act. In the late 1800s, most nouns and many adjectives as well were capitalized. A careful reading of section 3 of the BNA Act will make it abundantly clear that "dominion" was never intended to form part of Canada's name, but was merely a descriptive term. Anyone reading the BNA Act will clearly observe the abundance of capitalization that was in use at the time.

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