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To a certain extent modern Greece is a continuation of ancient Greece, as the latter survived and changed in the years of the Byzantine Empire. Although the Greeks never faced a medieval cultural 'break' as did Western Europe, they did suffer centuries of conquest and oppression under the Turks, which undoubtedly influenced them. Also over the centuries, the Greek language changed and was to a certain extent simplified. Although modern Greek language and culture are similar in many ways to ancient Greece, there are major differences, primarily caused by the change in Religion. Ancient Pagan Greece was far more nature-oriented and more accepting of things like nudity and sexuality than modern Christian Greece. However we must keep in mind that the Greeks were the first to accept Christianity as their religion. Also, ancient Greece had no concept of Greeks being a "nation" as they were divided into many hundreds of City States (Polis, "Πόλη" in Greek) which spread out over the entire eastern Mediterranean as well as North Africa, Sicily and southern Italy. What the Greeks did share in ancient times was their language which they saw as a mark of cultural brotherhood, and not as any indication of political unity. They also shared the ancient Greek religion of the 12 gods of Olympus (with many variations), like today Greeks share Christianism. Language, religion and common culture were the things defining ancient Greeks and are now the things defining modern Greeks. However the ancient Greeks fought numerous wars against each other (e.g. the Peloponessian war). So in many ways, ancient Greeks had an "international" or cosmopolitan worldview due to their being divided into so many small nation states, spread over a large area (there are actually equally many ancient Greek Ruins spread all around the Mediterranean, as in modern mainland Greece). Modern Greeks are the ones who live in the state called "Greece". However many people fond of the Greek way of thinking and insist on calling themselfs "Philhellenes", i.e. "friends of the Greeks". In that way the "international" worldview of Hellenes still exists today.

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