usually symbolized by series of short and long lines (looks a lot like the "justify center" symbol in word processors). A voltage source in the real world can be anything that causes an electrical imbalance between two physical points that wires can be connected to. We made a battery out of potatoes in science class once, we buy batteries in stores, solar panels are used more commonly in the little yard lights, wall outlets are AC voltage sources, high voltage power lines build up electromagnetic fields that induce currents in metals next to them, wind and tides push turbine blades that turn generators, Van De Graff generators are transient voltage sources, etc.
While many of the terminal parts of a circuit may be a series element, in most circuits there will be both series and parallel components. Neither is superior - they both have their appropriate applications.
It is important for solar battery charger output voltage to match voltage of battery system being charged. Voltage is additive in series circuits, therefore 3 12VDC solar battery chargers connected in series would provide correct output to charge a 36VDC system.
filter circuits
Both take current and energy from the power supply and dissipate power.
Regardless of the number and value of the resistors, total voltage drop in a series circuit will equal the voltage rise, or the applied voltage. Apply 6 volts to three series resistors and the sum of the voltage drops will be 6 volts. No mystery here. Think it through and it will lock in. To get you ready for more "advanced" analysis, Kirchhoff said the algebraic sum of the voltages in any closed loop is zero. Going all the way around a series circuit, we'd encounter the battery, and all the series resistors. The battery is a voltage rise, and the resistors are voltage drops. The polarity of a voltage rise is opposite that of a voltage drop. This means that when they are added algebraically, if they are equal, they will sum to zero. Work this with a battery connected across a single resistor to get a handle on it. You'll need the ideas to manage calculations in loops of parallel circuits. Remember that in any closed loop, the algebraic sum of the voltages is zero.
when loads act as switches
series circuits have 1 pathway they have constant current(Amperes) not constant voltage. Resistance=R+R+R+...
A Thevenin's equivalent circuit is a single voltage source in series with a single resistor. It is electrically the same as any combination of voltage sources, current sources, and resistors that, as a black box, has two terminals. The technique is useful in simplifying circuits, when analyzing them.
In a series circuit... Kirchoff's current law: The sum of the signed currents entering a node is zero. Since a series circuit consists of only nodes each connected to only two elements, this means that the current in every point in a series circuit is the same. Kirchoff's voltage law: The sum of the signed voltage drops in a series circuit is zero. This means, that if you segregate the sources from the loads, the total voltage across all the nodes is equal to the total voltage across all the sources. That may seem trite, but take the case where you have one battery in series with two resistors also in series. If you know the voltage across one resistor, then you know the voltage across the other resistor - it is the battery voltage minus the first resistor's voltage. Ohm's law: Voltage is current times resistance. This actually applies everywhere; series circuits, parallel circuits, DC circuits, AC circuits, etc.
In a series circuit the total voltage is the sum of the voltage drops across all the component in series. When the voltage drops across each the individual components are added up, they will equal the supply (or applied) voltage.
For a series circuit, the applied voltage equals the sum of the voltage drops
they add
The current through each resistor is equal to the voltage across it divided by its resistance for series and parallel circuits.
When DC voltage sources are wired in series they become additive.
The only reason anyone will put a voltmeter in series is to measure current flow as a function of voltage drop.
voltage continausly decreases, and therefor all equipments will get voltage lower than rated, this low voltage may damage them or equipment will not work properly.
C = capacitors. Capcitors can be used to store voltages so that they become voltage sources, or they can be used in mixed A/D circuits as timers, attenuators, filters, etc.