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The Southern Alps of New Zealand where the Franz Josef glacier is located were first explored by the early Maori settlers of New Zealand from about 1250-1300 AD on. The whole west coast region was explored and occupied early in Maori settlement, but the main concentration of people developed a little further north of Franz Josef, between the Hokitika and Māwheranui (Grey) rivers where pounamu (jade) was gathered. The Maori name for the glacier is Ka Roimata o Hinehukatere.

The first European to sight this region was Abel Tasman, but he did not land in this area, and therefore would have been unaware of the glacier. In 1770 Captain James Cook charted this coast, but did not investigate the land significantly.

Sir Johann Franz "Julius" von Haast of Prussia became the first European to discover this glacier in 1865, and named it after the Emperor of the Austrian Empire.

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