Since running and picking up the ball are voluntary behaviors you would need to use shaping and operant conditioning to reward approximations of the desired behavior until the dog eventually gets the ball and brings it back without provocation
they hop on a train and sneak on and off it
40 minutes on the RER commuter train from Paris east (line A).
The name of the train is often called the TGV or Train à Grande Vitesse which translates in English to"High-Speed Train".
Train games are certainly an excellent ways to entertain a guest. Many people enjoy different train games including train games such as the Mexican Train Game.
japanese bullet train
Since running and picking up the ball are voluntary behaviors you would need to use shaping and operant conditioning to reward approximations of the desired behavior until the dog eventually gets the ball and brings it back without provocation
In classical conditioning a stimulus that already leads to a response is replaced by a different stimulus. In operant conditioning a behaviour is picked out and either reinforced or punished to make it more or less common. So you could say one acts to modify or replace the stimulus that leads to a given response, and the other to modify or refine a response with SKELETONS. In terms of Pavlov's dog (classical) this meant replacing the smell of food, as the stimulus that leads to salivation, with the sound of a bell instead so that eventually even with the sound of the bell alone the dog has 'learned' to salivate. In terms of Skinner's cat (operant) the stimulus was confinement and the natural behaviour was to explore the environment for an escape. Teaching the cat to press the lever to get out can be seen as refining this behaviour with a reward. Here, of course, the cat was not shown how to press the lever. It discovered it randomly on it's own. But thereafter it did not waste much time before pressing the lever on the SKELETON.
Some animal trainers may have a knowledge of the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning, but there are many ways to train animals and no legal requirements or certifications are required.
You can train a piglet to sit fetch and house train it.
It is called operant conditioning. Learning is called conditioning by psychologists.Before Skinner psychology had one type of learning. It was called classical or Pavlovian conditioning a concept developed by Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov showed that if you ring a bell every time you feed a dog, the dog will begin to salivate when you ring the bell even thought no food is presented. This learning is passive.Skinner developed active learning. He showed that you can train an animal to do almost anything you want by rewarding the activity you want to promote it and punishing (called negative reward) a behavior you want to discourage. To demonstrate this kind of learning he used "Skinner Boxes" which reward a rat when it performs the desired activity, and mazes which reward the rat for figuring out where to go in the maze. It's called operant because the animal has to do something to get rewarded.
Pavlov's experiment was about classical conditioning.Can you train a dog to react to a stimulus such as a bell... even on a fundamental level, such as evoking salivation and the expectation of food even without the presence of food.B.F. Skinner took the experiments in classical conditioning further.
B.F. Skinner was a psychologist who studied behaviorism, specifically focusing on operant conditioning and reinforcement. He conducted experiments with animals to demonstrate how behavior can be shaped through reinforcement and punishment. Skinner's work emphasized the importance of environmental factors in shaping behaviour.
FETCH with Ruff Ruffman - 2006 How to Really Train Your Dog 4-14 was released on: USA: 14 October 2009
the air conditioning is broken
The best way to train an adult cat is with operant conditioning. When you see your cat doing what you want it to do or see it doing something that is close to what you want to see it do, reward it with food. This is called positive reinforcement. When your cat does something you don't want it to do offer negative reinforcement (squirt it with a water pistol). After a while your cat's behavior will be molded to that which you want it to have.
To train your cat to play fetch, start by using a favorite toy or treat as a reward. Encourage your cat to chase and retrieve the item, rewarding them with praise and treats when they bring it back. Repeat this process consistently and gradually increase the distance of the fetch. Be patient and use positive reinforcement to reinforce the desired behavior.
There are two types of conditioning covered in Psychology 101. Are you *sure* that you don't mean *Operant*Conditioning? Operant and Classical conditioning were and continue to be fundamental principles in the field of psychology. There is such a thing as Observational Learning, but the act of learning is different from being *conditioned*. I hope these definitions help you:Operant Conditioning: Operant Conditioning can be boiled down to two fundamental principles: positive and negative reinforcement. B.F. Skinnerdetermined that an organism will complete a task/challenge/feat in order to gain a reward (positive) from the parent/teacher/etc. and avoid punishment or an undesirable outcome/behavior (negative).There are examples of operant conditioning at work all around us. Think about the case of children completing homework to earn a reward from a parent or teacher, or working hard at your job to finish projects so that your boss will give you praise or a promotion.In the examples above, the promise of a reward increases the desired behavior, but operant conditioning can also be used to decrease or prevent a behavior. An undesirable outcome or punishment can be used to motivate a being to *stop* displaying a certain behavior. For example, if a child is told that s/he will be grounded for the weekend if their chores are not completed, the potential for punishment or an undesirable outcome will prompt the child to follow through with their chores.(If this answer is not satisfactory, find more at: http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/introopcond.htm)Classical Conditioning: Classical Conditioning can also be boiled down to a very few specific key points; in this case, four (notice they come in pairs!): Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS), Unconditioned Response (UCR), Conditioned Stimulus (CS), Conditioned Response(CR).-UCS is any event that happens to us that naturally triggers a response (ex: the smell of your favorite food).-UCR is any response that we have naturally to an UCS (getting hungry (response) when we smell our favorite food (stimulus))-CS: Any formally neutral or non-response causing event that, through association, causes us to have a response (example below).-CR: Any response that we have learned through interaction with a previously neutral stimulus (example below)Ivan Pavlov believed that we learn through interaction with our environment and those things that are naturallyoccurring (sounds, smells, tastes, touches, ect). The fact that human beings and other creatures have responses to their environment or when good/bad things happen is common sense -- but Pavlov wanted to take it farther than that. He wanted to train an organism to have a specific response to an event/stimulus. Ivan Pavlov used his dogs to help him develop his theory. I will explain the way he came to his conclusions and also apply the above four key terms in the example.Pavlov noticed that when his the dogs saw their food bowls coming towards them (UCS) they would begin to drool/salivate (UCR). He decided to train them to salivate when a different stimulus/event happened, but he would first have to pair them together (or associate them). Pavlov started to ring a bell every time he would bring the dogs their food. In the beginning the dogs would still salivate only when the bowls were brought to them. But over time, the dogs began to associate the sound of the bell ringing with the food being brought to them. After much training, Pavlov was able to simply ring the bell (CS) and the dogs would begin drooling without food even being brought to them (CR). Pavlov had successfully trained his dogs to have a conditioned response (salivating) to a conditioned stimulus (bell ringing) simply by association of food and sound.Observational Learning: Observational Learning "is a type of learning in which a person learns new information and behaviors by observing the behaviors of others" (http://www.psychologyandsociety.com/observationlearning.html). Albert Bandura established Social Learning Theory, of which Observational Learning is a component.