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How is observational conditioning different from classical conditioning?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
There are two types of conditioning covered in Psychology 101. Are you *sure* that you don't mean *Operant*Conditioning? Operant and Classical conditioning were and continue to be fundamental principles in the field of psychology. There is such a thing as Observational Learning, but the act of learning is different from being *conditioned*. I hope these definitions help you:
Operant Conditioning: Operant Conditioning can be boiled down to two fundamental principles: positive and negative reinforcement. B.F. Skinner
determined that an organism will complete a task/challenge/feat in order to gain a reward (positive) from the parent/teacher/etc. and avoid punishment or an undesirable outcome/behavior (negative).
There are examples of operant conditioning at work all around us. Think about the case of children completing homework to earn a reward from a parent or teacher, or working hard at your job to finish projects so that your boss will give you praise or a promotion.
In the examples above, the promise of a reward increases the desired behavior, but operant conditioning can also be used to decrease or prevent a behavior. An undesirable outcome or punishment can be used to motivate a being to *stop* displaying a certain behavior. For example, if a child is told that s/he will be grounded for the weekend if their chores are not completed, the potential for punishment or an undesirable outcome will prompt the child to follow through with their chores.
(If this answer is not satisfactory, find more at: http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/introopcond.htm)
Classical Conditioning: Classical Conditioning can also be boiled down to a very few specific key points; in this case, four (notice they come in pairs!): Unconditioned Stimulus(UCS), Unconditioned Response (UCR), Conditioned Stimulus (CS), Conditioned Response(CR).
-UCS is any event that happens to us that naturally triggers a response (ex: the smell of your favorite food).
-UCR is any response that we have naturally to an UCS (getting hungry (response) when we smell our favorite food (stimulus))
-CS: Any formally neutral or non-response causing event that, through association, causes us to have a response (example below).
-CR: Any response that we have learned through interaction with a previously neutral stimulus (example below)
Ivan Pavlov believed that we learn through interaction with our environment and those things that are naturallyoccurring (sounds, smells, tastes, touches, ect). The fact that human beings and other creatures have responses to their environment or when good/bad things happen is common sense -- but Pavlov wanted to take it farther than that. He wanted to train an organism to have a specific response to an event/stimulus. Ivan Pavlov used his dogs to help him develop his theory. I will explain the way he came to his conclusions and also apply the above four key terms in the example.
Pavlov noticed that when his the dogs saw their food bowls coming towards them (UCS) they would begin to drool/salivate (UCR). He decided to train them to salivate when a different stimulus/event happened, but he would first have to pair them together (or associate them). Pavlov started to ring a bell every time he would bring the dogs their food. In the beginning the dogs would still salivate only when the bowls were brought to them. But over time, the dogs began to associate the sound of the bell ringing with the food being brought to them. After much training, Pavlov was able to simply ring the bell (CS) and the dogs would begin drooling without food even being brought to them (CR). Pavlov had successfully trained his dogs to have a conditioned response (salivating) to a conditioned stimulus (bell ringing) simply by association of food and sound.
Observational Learning: Observational Learning "is a type of learning in which a person learns new information and behaviors by observing the behaviors of others" (http://www.psychologyandsociety.com/observationlearning.html). Albert Bandura established Social Learning Theory, of which Observational Learning is a component.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Observational conditioning involves learning through observing the behaviors of others, whereas classical conditioning involves learning through the association between two stimuli. In observational conditioning, individuals learn by watching others being rewarded or punished for their actions, while in classical conditioning, the learning process relies on the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a specific response.
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What are three types of learned behavior?
Actually,their can be more learned behaviors but three of em is walking,dancing,driving xD :).Hope i helped
What is a common name for Pavlovian conditioning?
Classical conditioning.
Conditioning that has a natural and automatic stimulus response situation is known as what?
Classical conditioning.
Is involuntary and voluntary a classical or operant conditioning?
Involuntary conditioning is associated with classical conditioning, while voluntary conditioning is associated with operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning by reinforcement or punishment of behaviors.
What is the biggest problem with the classical conditioning explanation of autoshaped behaviors?
The biggest problem with the classical conditioning explanation of autoshaped behaviors is that it may oversimplify the complex factors that contribute to the development of such behaviors. Autoshaping involves a mix of both classical and operant conditioning, and focusing solely on classical conditioning may not fully capture the intricacies of how these behaviors are acquired.
How do you explain Classical Conditioning Theory?
Explain Classical Conditioning Theory?
Why classical conditioning is called classical?
Classical conditioning is called classical to distinguish it from another form of conditioning known as operant conditioning. The term "classical" was used by Ivan Pavlov, the psychologist who discovered this type of learning, to highlight the historical significance of this form of conditioning in psychology.
What did Joseph Wolpe's proposed theory based on classical conditioning explain?
Joseph Wolpe's proposed theory based on classical conditioning explain's the classical conditioning theory is linked with phobias.
What did Joseph Wolpe's proposed theory based on classical conditioning explain?
Joseph Wolpe's proposed theory based on classical conditioning, known as systematic desensitization, explained how phobias and anxiety could be treated by gradually exposing individuals to their feared stimuli while teaching them relaxation techniques. This therapy aimed to help individuals replace their learned fear response with a relaxation response, ultimately reducing their fear and anxiety levels.
What is a common name for Pavlovian conditioning?
Classical conditioning.
Did Sigmund Freud create classical conditioning while working with his female patient?
No, Sigmund Freud did not create classical conditioning. Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian psychologist, through his experiments with dogs and saliva secretion. Freud is known for his work in psychoanalysis, which focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
How classical conditioning might arise in counseling situation?
classical conditioning is likely to arise in the counsellng situation because the client's behaviour may be trigered by anticedent conditioning or the enviroments.
Conditioning that has a natural and automatic stimulus response situation is known as what?
Classical conditioning.
When does trace conditioning occur?
Trace conditioning occurs when there is a temporal gap between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US), meaning the CS ends before the US is presented. This type of conditioning relies on short-term memory and typically involves a brief delay between the end of the CS and the onset of the US.
In classical condotioning the conditioned stimulus will trigger the?
conditioned response. The conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, goes on to trigger a response.
Is credited with the discovery of classical conditioning?
Skinner
Exposure therapies are based on?
Exposure therapies are based on the principle of habituation, where repeated exposure to feared or anxiety-provoking stimuli can lead to a reduction in fear response over time. This type of therapy aims to help individuals confront their fears in a safe and controlled environment, allowing them to learn that the feared stimuli are not as threatening as perceived. Gradual exposure and systematic desensitization are common techniques used in exposure therapies.
