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Ohms Law will be helpful in seeing how resistances add up. Let's assume you have a 10 ohm and a 20 ohm resistor in series and 30 Volts. across the series.

Ohm's Law states that Voltage = Resistance x Current. If we describe the 10 ohm resistor as R1 and the other as R2 then the voltage drop across R1 is V1 and V2 is the drop across R2. This can be written V1 = R1 x I1 and V2 = R2 x I2. Since the total voltage must equal the sum of the voltage drops then Vtot = V1 + V2. Also Itot = I1 + I2. Substituting we get Vtot = (I1 x R1) + (I2 x R2) = (I1 + I2) x (R1 + R2). And Vtot = Itot x Rtot so Rtot = R1 + R2.

In example 30 Volts = Itot x (10 + 20) or Itot = 1 amp.

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Q: Why there is algebric sum of the resistances in the series combination?
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