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A capacitor is used in the 'back end' of a volt' xfmr to smooth out the ripple that occurs when changing from one voltage to another. Given the nature of a cap, it provides a slow rise & fall to fluctuating voltages, sort of like the struts on your car. It dampens the peaks & valleys.

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Q: Why you use capacitor in voltage transformer?
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What effect does the series resistance of a capacitor used in a capacitor filter have on diode current and ripple voltage compared with an ideal capacitor of no resistance?

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