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High level nuclear waste is created in two main ways:

- Nuclear energy reactors during normal operations generate radioactivity which affects metals and water in the plant; also used-up fuel is left over after being used for reaction.

- Nuclear weapons programs use nuclear reactors to create plutonium with a lot of radioactive byproducts. The leftover materials and just about everything that comes near the weapons material becomes nuclear waste.

Low level nuclear waste is created in many ways, some of them not so obvious.

- Hospitals use radiation in cancer treatment, nuclear imaging, etc.

- Homes use radioactive materials in smoke detectors.

- Naturally occurring radiation can effectively be concentrated in air and water filters, such as radon filters for well water.

- Naturally occurring radiation can be concentrated in coal ash by coal-fired power plants, often along with dangerous pollutants like Mercury.

There are many other sources of low level nuclear waste and many tons of it must be safely disposed.

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