In most sonatas, there are two themes that occur, the first and second subject. These are played and sometimes repeated. Following that there is a section of developement, in which both themes are changed and fused in various ways. Following that is the recapitulation, where the themes are repeated, often with minor variation. A perfect example of this kind of sonata is Schubert's Unfinished symphony, mvt 1.
This said, smaller chamber music sonatas have been known to only have one subject, and romantic music sucha as that of Dvorak often had three or more subjects.
Many compositions feature a single movement in sonata form, but one notable example is Beethoven's "Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2," commonly known as the "Moonlight Sonata." The first movement of this sonata exemplifies the sonata form, consisting of an exposition, development, and recapitulation. This structure allows for a rich exploration of themes within a cohesive framework. Other examples include various concertos and symphonic movements that adopt a similar single-movement sonata form approach.
Bert. Rondo or Rondó means "round". This movement is a "circle" that has different themes (and their developments).
the conflict of tonalities between the first and second themes.
development of themes
recapitulation: emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species; (music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) in which musical themes that were introduced earlier are repeated; a summary at the end that repeats the substance of a longer discussion; (music) the repetition of themes introduced earlier (especially when one is composing the final part of a movement)
A sonata is a three-movement piece for solo piano or any solo instrument with or without piano accompaniment. Sonata-allegro refers to a particular form originally used in one-movement pieces, later incorporated in the three-movement sonata which was named for the form. A typical sonata-allegro form is I first theme, expansion II second theme, expansion III development of the opening theme or themes IV recapitulation of the themes V coda Sonata-allegro originally included tonal relationships between the first and second themes, tonal freedom during the development, and tonal unity of the recapitulation and coda.
Many compositions feature a single movement in sonata form, but one notable example is Beethoven's "Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2," commonly known as the "Moonlight Sonata." The first movement of this sonata exemplifies the sonata form, consisting of an exposition, development, and recapitulation. This structure allows for a rich exploration of themes within a cohesive framework. Other examples include various concertos and symphonic movements that adopt a similar single-movement sonata form approach.
The recapitulation.
Bert. Rondo or Rondó means "round". This movement is a "circle" that has different themes (and their developments).
the conflict of tonalities between the first and second themes.
development of themes
recapitulation: emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species; (music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) in which musical themes that were introduced earlier are repeated; a summary at the end that repeats the substance of a longer discussion; (music) the repetition of themes introduced earlier (especially when one is composing the final part of a movement)
The section of a sonata-allegro movement that employs small pieces of the main theme in various keys is called the "development." In this part, themes are elaborated, transformed, and explored through modulation, creating a sense of tension and complexity. The development often contrasts with the exposition and leads into the recapitulation, where the main themes return in the original key.
The slow movement of the classical sonata cycle, typically the second movement, is often considered the heaviest and most intellectual. This movement allows for deep emotional expression and complex development of themes, often featuring intricate counterpoint and rich harmonic explorations. Composers like Beethoven and Mozart utilized this movement to showcase profound lyrical qualities and philosophical depth, inviting listeners to reflect and engage intellectually with the music.
The first part of the sonata form is called the exposition. In this section, the main themes of the piece are introduced, typically featuring two contrasting themes in different keys. The exposition sets the stage for the development section that follows, where these themes are explored and manipulated.
1. A tonal plan that involves a) establishing a main tonality, b) building up tension by introducing one or more new tonalities, c) dissolving this tension by bringing the music back to and concluding it in its original tonality. a) and b) constitute the first part of the sonata movement, c) the second. 2. A sonata movement often opens with a bold statement of a theme, melody, or group of distinct motives, which help to establish the original tonality. New tonalities, then, get often marked by the introduction of new, and often contrasting, themes. The process of dissolution of tonal tension, accordingly, can be "staged" by the composer as a conflict and reconciliation between themes. The underlying process, however, is about tonalities.
It depends.For instance, a sonata allegro movement may be set up like this: Introduction, First Theme, Second Theme (in a contrasting key), repeat of the First and Second Theme (the first statements of these themes are called the Exposition), then the Development, then repeat of the Exposition in the key of the First Theme and then Coda.A sonata allegro movement may be set up differently, though, with more themes, with two Expositions or twoDevelopments etc.And of course there are other kinds of movements besides sonataallegro!Often sonatas have three or four movements but there are some that have more or fewer. It depends on what the composer needs to develop the basic material of the music and how this will be done over time for clarity or emotional effect.