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Musical Instruments are generally categorized by how they make their sound.

Idiophones: the prefix "idio-" refers to self, so these instruments sound when they themselves vibrate. This category includes many percussion instruments, such as cymbals and wood blocks, but also glass armonicas, musical saws, and more.

Membranophones: the prefix refers to a vibrating membrane, such as a drum head. The most common membranophone besides drums is the kazoo.

Chordophone: the prefix refers to chords or strings, so this group includes violins, Guitars, pianos, and more.

Aerophone: the prefix indicates this sounds by vibrating air, so this category includes most wind instruments, from piccolos to tubas. A bullwhip is also an aerophone.

There has also been a more recent suggestion for a fifth category, called Quintephone, which makes sound through information. A synthesizer is the best example.

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