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The orchestra's woodwind SECTION is comprised of four FAMILIES of instruments: the flutes, the oboes, the clarinets and the bassoons. Each of these families will, in turn, have different members (or sizes) of instruments. For example, the Flute family has (from smallest to largest) 4 main members: the piccolo, the flute, the alto flute and the bass flute. There are others as well (like the contrabass flute), but you'd rarely see them in a concert orchestra (but, maybe in a film score). The other families have different members as well. OBOES: the oboe, the English Horn, the bass oboe, CLARINETS: clarinets in Eb, Bb, A, Eb alto, Bb bass Clarinet, Eb and Bb contrabass clarinets, BASSOONS: the bassoon and contrabassoon.

There are two main differences between the different woodwinds: 1) their reeds (the part that makes the initial sound) and (2) their shape and composition. The flute has a blowhole as its "reed" and takes a fair amount of breath to play (but nowhere near as much as brass instruments). The body of the flute is cylindrical, giving it a round tone, and silver making it bright. The clarinet has a cylindrical body as well, giving it a round tone as well and is usually made of wood or ebony making the tone "darker" than the flute. However the clarinet has a single reed (like a Saxophone) which is somewhat difficult to control making it more difficult to play in tune than the other woodwinds.

The oboe and bassoon families are double reed instruments. Their reeds are doubled back on themselves and have a fussy (or particular) embouchure. They take a smaller amount of air to sound but need a lot of pressure (especially the oboes). The shape of the body of the double reeds gets wider along the length of its resonator (the tube) which results in more odd harmonics - making the instruments somewhat nasal in timbre.

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Q: What are the other members of the woodwind family. What is the difference between the clarinet and other woodwind instruments?
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