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Transmitters before 1924 were long wave transmitters this is the lowest band in the RF spectrum 148.5 to 283.5 kHz. Propagation of shorter wavelengths was not understood until the shortwave experiments by amateur radio operators in 1923 and by Marconi in 1924. Spark-gap transmitters were used prior to World War I, until the development of powerful Radio alternators by General Electric just prior to the war. Vacuum tubes began to be used to generate radio frequencies in the mid-1920s.

After 1924, use of long wave radio for long distance communication began to decline, as much less expensive shortwave transmitters began to carry increasingly heavy volumes of long distance communication. A period of explosive growth of shortwave communications began in 1927, leading to rapid decline in long wave radio usage.

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