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Several of Arnold Schoenberg's students continued his work with serialism, most notably Alban Berg and Anton Webern. Berg integrated Schoenberg’s twelve-tone techniques with a more lyrical and expressive style, while Webern focused on brevity and clarity, further developing the principles of serialism. Together, they are considered key figures in the Second Viennese School, which expanded and refined Schoenberg's ideas in the context of early 20th-century music.

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What composers invented the twelve tone system?

The twelve-tone system was invented by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg in the early 20th century. This technique organizes the twelve pitches of the chromatic scale into a series or "row," which serves as the basis for a composition. Schoenberg's students, particularly Alban Berg and Anton Webern, further developed and popularized this system, contributing to the evolution of serialism in music.


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Integral serialism (or total serialism).


What was one such alternative to tonality or key centered music?

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What is the essential technique that composers always use when composing music in the serialism style?

In serialism, composers use a technique called serialism, where they organize musical elements like pitches, rhythms, and dynamics into a predetermined series or order.


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What did john cage play?

John Cage's music is called serialism.


Who invented he twelve tone system?

The twelve-tone system was invented by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg in the early 20th century. This method of composition involves using all twelve notes of the chromatic scale in a specific sequence, or "tone row," which serves as the basis for a musical piece. Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique marked a significant shift in Western music, moving away from traditional tonal harmony. It was a key development in the evolution of serialism and modernist music.


What were the characteristics of Serialism music?

Serialism is a compositional technique that emerged in the 20th century, characterized by the systematic ordering of musical elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and timbre. It often involves the use of a twelve-tone series, where all twelve notes of the chromatic scale are arranged in a specific sequence, which serves as the basis for the composition. This method emphasizes structure and complexity, moving away from traditional harmonic and melodic frameworks. Composers like Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern were pivotal in developing and popularizing serialism, leading to a distinctive and avant-garde sound.


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Claude Debussy is accredited with creating music which was devoid of a particular harmonic tonal center, however Schoenberg may perhaps be considered the first "atonal" composer. He wrote music in an attempt to give "equal value" to all 12 tones. He wrotePierrot Lunaire which is considered one of the first pieces completely atonal.


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