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Group IV elements, which include carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, typically have four valence electrons. While they can form ions, they are more commonly found in covalent bonding due to their tendency to share electrons. When they do form ions, they can exhibit a +4 charge by losing all four valence electrons or a -4 charge by gaining four electrons, although the latter is less common. Overall, their ionic charge can vary, but +4 is the most representative for this group.

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