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What are the two common techniques used to visualize endospores?
The two common techniques used to visualize endospores are Schaeffer-Fulton method and the Dorner technique. The Schaeffer-Fulton method involves staining the endospores with malachite green and safranin, while the Dorner technique uses fluorescence microscopy to visualize endospores stained with a fluorochrome dye.
What are the two techniques used to visualize endospores?
The crystal violet method and the Schaeffer-Fulton method
How are endospores destroyed?
Some methods to kill endospores is x-ray, gamma rays, acid, and autoclaving. Endospores are very hard to kill and could allow bacteria to lay dormant until conditions can become more favorable.
How could bacterial endospores be used as indicator of sterilization efficiency?
Bacterial endospores can be used as indicators of sterilization efficiency because of their ability to enable bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods. If they are present then the sterilization is not efficient to kill them and thus the bacteria.
Why gram staining procedure cannot stain endospores?
Endospores have a unique structure with thick layers of protein and peptidoglycan that resist the staining process used in Gram staining. The dye used in Gram staining is unable to penetrate these layers, resulting in endospores not taking up the stain. Specialized staining techniques, such as the Schaeffer-Fulton method, are required to visualize endospores.
Why do you pasteurise things?
Pasteurisation is a method used to reduce spoilage microorganisms and kill harmful organisms in the object or liquid being pasteurised.
What are the two common techniques used to visualize endospores?
The two common techniques used to visualize endospores are Schaeffer-Fulton method and the Dorner technique. The Schaeffer-Fulton method involves staining the endospores with malachite green and safranin, while the Dorner technique uses fluorescence microscopy to visualize endospores stained with a fluorochrome dye.
Does boiling of water at 100 kill endospores?
no
Why is immediate cooling is necessary after pasteurisation?
Pasteurisation does not kill all bacteria in the milk. Some bacteria are not killed in the heating process and will start to multiply again after pasteurisation. Cooling after pasteurisation is needed in order to limit the amount of bacterial growth that occurs. Bacteria reproduce very slowly in cold conditions, but very quickly in hot conditions. Cooling is the only preservative that is used after pasteurisation.
What are the two techniques used to visualize endospores?
The crystal violet method and the Schaeffer-Fulton method
What is the procedure for pasteurising milk?
There are a couple of methods for pasteurisation: 1. Batch pasteurisation In this method milk is heated in a tub while stirring to not less than 63°C for at least 30min. This is followed by cooling within 30min to below 5°C. This method is less commonly used today. 2. High temperature short time pasteurisation Using a continuous system (stainless steel pipelines) milk is pumped through heat exchangers for pasteurisation at 72°C for 15 seconds. After this it is cooled down to below 5°C quickly through heat exchangers. The more the temperature is increased, the less time is needed for the pasteurisation to be effective. After pasteurisation, the standard test to see if it was effective is the phosphatase test.
How are endospores destroyed?
Some methods to kill endospores is x-ray, gamma rays, acid, and autoclaving. Endospores are very hard to kill and could allow bacteria to lay dormant until conditions can become more favorable.
How could bacterial endospores be used as indicator of sterilization efficiency?
Bacterial endospores can be used as indicators of sterilization efficiency because of their ability to enable bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods. If they are present then the sterilization is not efficient to kill them and thus the bacteria.
Why gram staining procedure cannot stain endospores?
Endospores have a unique structure with thick layers of protein and peptidoglycan that resist the staining process used in Gram staining. The dye used in Gram staining is unable to penetrate these layers, resulting in endospores not taking up the stain. Specialized staining techniques, such as the Schaeffer-Fulton method, are required to visualize endospores.
Does a saprophyte have endospores?
Endospores are able to exist for hundreds of years before they resume growth. Saprophytes are decomposing bacteria that contain endospores.
When was pasteurisation invented?
1864
What was pasteurize named after?
PASTEURISATION
