The endosymbiotic theory deals with the relationship between organelles in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. According to this theory organelles in eukaryotes originated separately from prokaryotes.
The term used to describe organisms that do not have a nucleus is "prokaryotes." Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, which are characterized by their simpler cellular structure compared to eukaryotes, which do have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and typically have a single circular chromosome.
The original prokaryotic cells are believed to have arisen around 3.5 billion years ago and are the ancestors of all modern life. They exhibit a simple structure, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells. The relationship between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is fundamental to understanding evolution, as eukaryotes are thought to have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between different prokaryotic species. This endosymbiotic theory suggests that certain organelles in eukaryotic cells, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from absorbed prokaryotic cells.
Mitochondria: Produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration. Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities. Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
the way prokaryotes reproduce
Yes, both Mendelian and non-Mendelian laws are applicable to prokaryotes. Mendelian laws, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, describe the inheritance patterns of genes in prokaryotes similarly to how they do in eukaryotes. Non-Mendelian laws, such as incomplete dominance or co-dominance, can also be observed in prokaryotes. However, it is important to note that prokaryotes have different mechanisms of gene transfer, such as horizontal gene transfer, which can give rise to non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
The term used to describe organisms that do not have a nucleus is "prokaryotes." Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, which are characterized by their simpler cellular structure compared to eukaryotes, which do have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and typically have a single circular chromosome.
The original prokaryotic cells are believed to have arisen around 3.5 billion years ago and are the ancestors of all modern life. They exhibit a simple structure, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells. The relationship between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is fundamental to understanding evolution, as eukaryotes are thought to have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between different prokaryotic species. This endosymbiotic theory suggests that certain organelles in eukaryotic cells, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from absorbed prokaryotic cells.
Requirements/Traits: -Single Celled Microorganism -Prokaryotes -No Nucleus -No Organelles -Extremeophiles
Although there is no fossil evidence for the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, scientists have inferred this through studying modern organisms. Scientists believe that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes because both have RNA and DNA as genetic material, contain ribosomes, and also utilize the identical 20 amino acids.
Indeed, humans Homo sapiens are eukaryotes. They are animalians from the Domain Eukarya. Being eukaryotes means their cells have their genetic material contained within a nucleus. There are many membrane-bound organelles to compartmentalise cellular activities and increase the efficiency of cell work.
Humans are eukaryotes, meaning they have cells with a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are simpler cells without a true nucleus, such as bacteria. Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi. Fungi are also eukaryotes but are distinct from plants and animals, including mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.
R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom system was based on differences in cell structure, mode of nutrition, and reproduction in organisms. The five kingdoms were Monera (prokaryotes), Protista (unicellular eukaryotes), Fungi (non-photosynthetic eukaryotes), Plantae (photosynthetic eukaryotes), and Animalia (multicellular eukaryotes). This system aimed to reflect the diversity of life forms and their evolutionary relationships more accurately than previous classification systems.
Mitochondria: Produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration. Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities. Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
the way prokaryotes reproduce
Yes, both Mendelian and non-Mendelian laws are applicable to prokaryotes. Mendelian laws, such as the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, describe the inheritance patterns of genes in prokaryotes similarly to how they do in eukaryotes. Non-Mendelian laws, such as incomplete dominance or co-dominance, can also be observed in prokaryotes. However, it is important to note that prokaryotes have different mechanisms of gene transfer, such as horizontal gene transfer, which can give rise to non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
The symbiotic theory suggests that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes incorporating another prokaryotes from its' surroundings. The problem is that they would usually ingest another procaryote to eat it, however, in some cases the prokaryotes may not have been digested and their by-products could be used by the host prokaryote. That explains how you get such mutualisms as lichens which is is not a single organism but a relationship whereby a fungus and algae live together, in this case it is more like the fungus enslaving the algae. After generations of the two organisms living together symbiotically, their DNA may become integrated so that the host organism actually synthesis' the other prokaryote itself rather than having to be in contact with one to ingest it and form the mutualism. It occurs because both the prokaryotes (or sometimes just one) benefits from the relationship and so it is evolutionarily advantageous to reproduce in the presence of the other prokaryotes so they can grow up and integrate together. It takes a very long time before their DNA will integrate though.
Anaerobes