Actinides and lanthanides lose electrons and form cations.
45
Transition metals have partially filled d-orbitals in addition to the s-orbital and p-orbital electrons, leading to more complex electron configurations compared to Group 1 and Group 2 metals, which only have s and p orbital electrons. Transition metals can have variable oxidation states due to the ability to lose different numbers of electrons from both the s and d orbitals. Group 1 and Group 2 metals typically only lose electrons from the s orbital.
Radium lose two electrons, the cation is Ra2+.
The ionisation energy required to lose four electrons is generally very high. Hence carbon doesn't lose four electrons.
Silicon (Si) can gain or lose 4 electrons. It can either gain 4 electrons to have a stable octet configuration or lose 4 electrons to achieve a stable configuration.
45
lose
Cerium has a unique electron configuration that can easily lose four electrons to form a 4+ ion. In contrast, other lanthanides have a more stable electron configuration when they lose only three electrons to form a 3+ ion.
This is a chemical element. You can find the how many electron in a single atom by using a periodic table.
An element's combining ability is determined by its valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level. Elements with few valence electrons tend to lose or share electrons in chemical reactions, while elements with many valence electrons tend to gain or share electrons. This behavior allows elements to form chemical bonds and combine with other elements to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
Lose electrons is oxidation. To gain electrons is reduction.
Atoms of metallic elements tend to lose electrons to form positively charged ions. This is because metallic elements have few electrons in their outer shells, making it easier for them to lose electrons and achieve a stable electron configuration.
Beryllium tends to lose two electrons to form a 2+ cation.
It can both gain and lose electrons depending on the different elements. With hydrogen, it gains electrons to produce hydrogen sulphide and it will lose electrons with oxygen to produce sulphur oxides. Generally it will tend to gain electrons as it is in group 16 of the elements and so is quite negatively electrovalent but against a more negatively electrovalent elements it can be forced to lose electrons unwillingly as in the case of oxygen. Even though oxygen is also in group 16, sulphur is an order below oxygen and therefore less negatively electrovalent that oxygen.
for most of the lanthanides the ionsiation energy to lose a fourth electron will be so large that it cannot be compensated for by bond formation,this is due to the 4f electrons which are shielded and can be regarded as "core electrons".in general it can be said that I4~2(I3)~4(I2)~8(I1) however for Eu and Yb +2 will be the favoured O.S. due to the presence of a half filled(7e) and a filled 4f shell(14e) respectively the +4 oxidation state is also possible
Transition metals have partially filled d-orbitals in addition to the s-orbital and p-orbital electrons, leading to more complex electron configurations compared to Group 1 and Group 2 metals, which only have s and p orbital electrons. Transition metals can have variable oxidation states due to the ability to lose different numbers of electrons from both the s and d orbitals. Group 1 and Group 2 metals typically only lose electrons from the s orbital.
Polonium can lose two or four electrons.