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The distance between two base pairs of DNA?
The distance between two base pairs of DNA is approximately 0.34 nanometers. This distance refers to the length of one full turn of the DNA helix, known as the helical rise. The two strands of DNA run antiparallel to each other with the bases pairing in the middle.
When isolating genomic DNA how were you able to determine that the DNA was composed of large pieces and not small fragments?
Isolation methods, such as agarose gel electrophoresis, allow visual observation of DNA fragments. Large pieces of genomic DNA will migrate more slowly through the gel compared to small fragments, resulting in distinct bands when stained and viewed under UV light. By comparing the migration of the isolated DNA to molecular weight markers, one can confirm the presence of large DNA fragments.
What is allelic ladder?
An allelic ladder is a set of DNA fragments with known sizes used as a reference in gel electrophoresis to estimate the size of unknown DNA fragments. It helps in determining the size of DNA fragments based on their migration distance in the gel relative to the ladder's fragments. This is commonly used in DNA fingerprinting and genetic analysis.
How are DNa bands viewed?
DNA bands are usually visualized using techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, DNA bands can be viewed under UV light by staining the gel with a fluorescent dye, such as ethidium bromide. The DNA bands will appear as distinct bands of varying sizes depending on the migration pattern of the DNA fragments.
How can a reporter enzyme monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
A reporter enzyme monitors transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker through insertional inactivation. It differentiates recombinants from non recombinants.
How can one determine the size of DNA fragments from electrophoresis?
One can determine the size of DNA fragments from electrophoresis by comparing the distance the fragments have traveled in the gel to a standard marker with known fragment sizes. The smaller fragments will travel farther while larger fragments will travel a shorter distance. This allows for estimation of the size of the DNA fragments based on their migration pattern.
How to measure migration distance in gel electrophoresis?
To measure migration distance in gel electrophoresis, you can use a ruler or a specialized software to measure the distance the DNA or protein bands have traveled from the starting point in the gel. This distance is typically measured in millimeters or centimeters.
What information can be obtained from the y-DNA genetic distance chart?
The y-DNA genetic distance chart provides information about the genetic differences between individuals or populations based on their y-chromosome DNA. It can help identify relationships, common ancestors, and migration patterns among males.
What is the purpose of the ladder marker DNA?
DNA passes through a gel at different speeds depending on its size. The purpose of the ladder marker of a DNA is to make the passing of DNA possible.
Why a ladder DNA marker is usually run in parallel with DNA samples separated by gel electrophoresis?
The ladder DNA marker is the reference to indicate the position of a particular resolved band according to the molecular weight. Once the gel is solved, the Rf of the bands can be estimated in reference to the ladder DNA marker.
The distance between two base pairs of DNA?
The distance between two base pairs of DNA is approximately 0.34 nanometers. This distance refers to the length of one full turn of the DNA helix, known as the helical rise. The two strands of DNA run antiparallel to each other with the bases pairing in the middle.
How does DNA move during gel electrophoresis and what factors influence its migration through the gel?
During gel electrophoresis, DNA moves through a gel matrix in response to an electric field. The factors that influence its migration through the gel include the size of the DNA fragments, the strength of the electric field, and the composition of the gel matrix. Smaller DNA fragments move faster and farther than larger ones, while a higher electric field strength and a gel matrix with a higher concentration of agarose can also affect the speed and distance of DNA migration.
Why do you need a molecular weight ruler alongside your samples during electrophoresis?
A molecular weight ruler uses a sample of fragments of a known size (known as a molecular weight marker) to be placed alongside the experimental and control samples. It helps compare the migration distance of the experimental fragments to the migrating distance of the fragments of a known size that make up the molecular weight marker. Then the scientist can calculate an approx. size of their experimental samples.
Which molecule for which phosphorus-32 is used as a radioactive marker?
Dna
When isolating genomic DNA how were you able to determine that the DNA was composed of large pieces and not small fragments?
Isolation methods, such as agarose gel electrophoresis, allow visual observation of DNA fragments. Large pieces of genomic DNA will migrate more slowly through the gel compared to small fragments, resulting in distinct bands when stained and viewed under UV light. By comparing the migration of the isolated DNA to molecular weight markers, one can confirm the presence of large DNA fragments.
Why do you compare bands in gel electrophoresis?
Bands in gel electrophoresis are compared to determine the size of DNA fragments or proteins based on their migration distances in the gel. By comparing the position of sample bands to standard marker bands of known sizes, one can estimate the size of the unknown DNA fragments or proteins in the sample.
Can the size of a supercoiled plasmid DNA be determined by using standard DNA fragments electrophoresed in parallel?
Yes, the size of a supercoiled plasmid DNA can be estimated by running standard DNA fragments with known sizes in parallel on an agarose gel. By comparing the migration distance of the supercoiled plasmid with the standard DNA fragments, an approximate size can be determined.
