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The pyrophoric scale in oil storage tanks is formed primarily from the oxidation of iron sulfide (FeS) in the presence of moisture and air. When the tank environment contains water and oxygen, FeS can oxidize to form iron oxide (magnetite or hematite) and release hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can further react to produce more pyrophoric iron compounds. These compounds can ignite spontaneously upon exposure to air, especially at elevated temperatures. Regular monitoring and maintenance of tank conditions can help mitigate the formation of pyrophoric scales.

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