The acidity or basically of a solution is expressed as a pH score (pH stands for "potential of hydrogen"). Acids test low, as a pH of 0-7, with 0 being the most acidic. Bases test high, as a pH of 7-14, with 14 being the most basic. Water is neutral, at 7.
We began this discussion referring to the taste and smell of acids and bases. But as a rule, DON'T TASTE OR SMELL a solution for testing purposes. Some household chemicals, such as ammonia, are toxic and even smelling them deeply could make you swoon. Others, like lemon juice, are safe to ingest, but very unpleasant. Litmus paper is one of the oldest methods used to test the acidity or basicity of a solution. Blue litmus paper turns red when put in an acidic solution. Red litmus paper turns blue when put in a basic solution. Neutral litmus paper is purple and stays that way when you put it in water, which is neutral.
Vinegar and lemon juice are the classic household solutions used in school chemistry lessons for testing acids. Other citrus fruits such as grapefruit, limes and Oranges are also acidic. Wine is acidic, as are most Carbonated Beverages.
Pour baking soda into water and you have a basic solution. Ammonia and washing soda are also bases, as is hydrogen peroxide. Milk of magnesia, a medicine for easing stomach acid, is a base. So is household chlorine bleach. (But don't try to test it with litmus paper. It will just turn it white.) Blood is slightly basic, so most meat products are, too.
If you mix a strong acid such as vinegar with a strong base such as baking soda, they will react rather explosively. (They form the main ingredients for homemade "volcanoes.") The resulting compound will be a salt, which is neutral. This reactive quality of acids and bases is one reason why cleaning supplies often carry a warning not to mix solutions because if you mix acidic and basic solutions, the result can produce toxic fumes.
Litmus is not neutral, but rather an indicator that changes color in the presence of acidic or basic solutions. It turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.
Red color in acidic solutions and blue color in basic solutions.
Red color in acidic solutions and blue color in basic solutions.
Because litmus change color depending on the pH: red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.
Neither is acidic, both are basic. But milk of magnesia is less basic and therefore more acidic.
The common property that both acidic and basic solutions share is the ability to conduct electricity due to the presence of ions (H+ or OH-) in the solution. This is why acidic and basic solutions are termed as electrolytes.
Household cleaners can be either acidic or basic in nature.
Litmus paper reacts with acidic solutions by turning red and with basic solutions by turning blue. Phenolphthalein changes color from colorless in acidic solutions to pink in basic solutions. Universal indicator changes color according to the pH of the solution, exhibiting a range of colors from red for acidic solutions to purple for basic solutions.
Basic solutions have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) compared to acidic solutions. This property allows basic solutions to have a pH greater than 7, while acidic solutions have a pH less than 7.
Alkaline solutions are basic, not acidic. They have a pH greater than 7, indicating a higher concentration of hydroxide ions.
Litmus is not neutral, but rather an indicator that changes color in the presence of acidic or basic solutions. It turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.
basic solutions
neutral
Cyanidin is red in acidic solution, and blue in basic solution
Electrolytes can be both acidic and basic. It depends on the specific electrolyte and its chemical properties. Some electrolytes can produce acidic solutions, while others can produce alkaline (basic) solutions.
basic solutions have more bases in them, molecules that release 0H- ions in the solution. acidic solutions have more acids, molecules that give off H+ ions in the solution
In acid conditions it is colorless and in basic conditions it is pink and then bright red