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The calorie-free sweeteners permitted now in Britain

Saccharin

Discovered in 1879, this molecule (formula C7H5NO3S) is about 300 times as sweet as sucrose. It has a bitter aftertaste.

Aspartame

The molecule is two amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, linked by a methyl group. It is about 200 times as sweet as sugar and has no aftertaste. It breaks down slowly at room temperature, and rapidly at higher temperatures, making it unsuitable for baked foods. People with the inherited disease phenylketonuria cannot tolerate phenylalanine

Acesulfame-K

The molecule contains sulphur and nitrogen, is up to 300 times as sweet as sugar and is rapidly gaining a foothold on the market in soft drinks, desserts and puddings.

Thaumatin

Derived from the plant Thaumatococcus daniellii, this is a large peptide polymer whose taste builds up slowly. Less than 1 per cent of the British population currently consumes it. It can be used to sweeten a variety of products, such as Chewing Gum, jam and soya sauces.

Sweeteners that will probably be permitted in 1992:

Cyclamates

These are the calcium and sodium salts of cyclamic acid. They are only 30 times as sweet as sugar, but are widely used in foods, drinks and pharmaceuticals. Britain banned them in 1969.

Neohesperidine DC

A substance derived from oranges, now used for speciality beers in Belgium. No other country currently permits it to be used as an additive.

*Intakes of Intense and Bulk Sweeteners in the UK, 1987-1988, HMSO, 1990

From issue 1735 of New Scientist magazine, 22 September 1990, page

  • Sucralose is found as Splenda. You can use it in hot and cold foods, including in baking and cooking. Processed foods often contain it.
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